{"id":13120,"date":"2022-05-05T12:03:48","date_gmt":"2022-05-05T10:03:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bgz.de\/forschungsprogramm\/"},"modified":"2023-11-20T16:36:20","modified_gmt":"2023-11-20T15:36:20","slug":"research-program-upto-20-11-2023","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/bgz.de\/en\/research-program-upto-20-11-2023\/","title":{"rendered":"Research Program-upto-20-11-2023"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='top'  class='avia-fullwidth-slider main_color avia-shadow   avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_section  avia-builder-el-first   container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div  class='avia-slideshow av-8qfhpf-c74d652012006e9ea2ea0b4be62a6319 avia-slideshow-featured av_slideshow_full avia-slide-slider av-slideshow-ui av-control-hidden av-no-slider-navigation av-hide-nav-arrows av-slideshow-autoplay av-loop-endless av-loop-manual-endless av-default-height-applied   avia-slideshow-1' data-slideshow-options=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:true,&quot;loop_autoplay&quot;:&quot;endless&quot;,&quot;interval&quot;:4,&quot;loop_manual&quot;:&quot;manual-endless&quot;,&quot;autoplay_stopper&quot;:false,&quot;noNavigation&quot;:true,&quot;bg_slider&quot;:false,&quot;keep_padding&quot;:false,&quot;hoverpause&quot;:false,&quot;show_slide_delay&quot;:0}\"  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><ul class='avia-slideshow-inner ' style='padding-bottom: 28.666666666667%;'><li  class='avia-slideshow-slide av-8qfhpf-c74d652012006e9ea2ea0b4be62a6319__0  av-single-slide slide-1 slide-odd'><div data-rel='slideshow-1' class='avia-slide-wrap '   ><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class=\"wp-image-7541 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-7541\"  src=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/headerbild-forschung-1-1500x430.jpg\" width=\"1500\" height=\"430\" title='headerbild-forschung' alt=''  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/headerbild-forschung-1.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/headerbild-forschung-1-300x86.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/headerbild-forschung-1-1030x295.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/headerbild-forschung-1-768x220.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/headerbild-forschung-1-705x202.jpg 705w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/headerbild-forschung-1-1320x378.jpg 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<div id='av_section_1'  class='avia-section av-n4tds1-45bf353af05a4843831c7623f9a8c496 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_slideshow_full  el_before_av_submenu  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-13120'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div  class='flex_column av-87cnfu-c0e9c861c8f0fc388d0fcd93ab725e15 av_three_fourth  avia-builder-el-2  el_before_av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-dwj9ne-98fc717fa4f85910e044bd5a75132a7f\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-dwj9ne-98fc717fa4f85910e044bd5a75132a7f{\npadding-bottom:20px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-dwj9ne-98fc717fa4f85910e044bd5a75132a7f .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-dwj9ne-98fc717fa4f85910e044bd5a75132a7f .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-dwj9ne-98fc717fa4f85910e044bd5a75132a7f av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-3  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >The BGZ research mission<\/h1><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-7zz7ar-8269e515d185ea44d1ec87e141b9c11a '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><blockquote>\n<p>The strategy for the responsible and safe disposal of spent nuclear fuel and other heat-generating radioactive waste is stipulated in the German government\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmuv.de\/download\/nationales-entsorgungsprogramm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Waste Management Programme<\/a>. BGZ Gesellschaft fu\u0308r Zwischenlagerung mbH\u2019s mandate in the national waste management strategy is derived from the Act on the Reorganisation of Responsibility in Nuclear Waste Management.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l1m0alda-b49def6d477e4652ba09d726497d57c4\">\n.flex_column.av-l1m0alda-b49def6d477e4652ba09d726497d57c4{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-l1m0alda-b49def6d477e4652ba09d726497d57c4 av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_three_fourth  el_before_av_one_half  flex_column_div  '     ><p><section  class='av_textblock_section av-5snxre-07b5f6d4e1b67c5bfdfb1b3129e710db '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='av-desktop-hide av-medium-hide avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/2026\/01\/02\/bgzs-research-programme-thinking-ahead-interim-storage\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-10250\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/banner-zwischenlagerung-weitergedacht-en.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-3jj75m-8852272f9b1f436b98135feb01d2aa0b\">\n.avia-image-container.av-3jj75m-8852272f9b1f436b98135feb01d2aa0b img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-3jj75m-8852272f9b1f436b98135feb01d2aa0b .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-3jj75m-8852272f9b1f436b98135feb01d2aa0b av-styling-no-styling av-img-linked avia-align-right  avia-builder-el-7  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last  av-small-hide av-mini-hide'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><a href=\"\/2022\/11\/02\/bgzs-research-programme-thinking-ahead-interim-storage\/\" class='avia_image '  aria-label='banner-zwischenlagerung-weitergedacht-en'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-13884 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-13884 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/banner-zwischenlagerung-weitergedacht-en.jpg\" alt='' title='banner-zwischenlagerung-weitergedacht-en'  height=\"600\" width=\"687\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/banner-zwischenlagerung-weitergedacht-en.jpg 687w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/banner-zwischenlagerung-weitergedacht-en-300x262.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 687px) 100vw, 687px\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-114oj1d-c73a5ebee9dc7aea3357a033daf34c05\">\n.flex_column.av-114oj1d-c73a5ebee9dc7aea3357a033daf34c05{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  id=\"fig01\"  class='flex_column av-114oj1d-c73a5ebee9dc7aea3357a033daf34c05 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-8  el_after_av_one_fourth  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2sx73qv-e584099cbb74cc254f6336b5eb2b15a8\">\n.avia-image-container.av-l2sx73qv-e584099cbb74cc254f6336b5eb2b15a8 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-l2sx73qv-e584099cbb74cc254f6336b5eb2b15a8 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-l2sx73qv-e584099cbb74cc254f6336b5eb2b15a8 av-styling-no-styling av-img-linked avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-9  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/en\/research-program-fig-1\/\" class='avia_image '  aria-label='221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_1_Abb1'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-13142 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-13142 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_1_Abb1.jpg\" alt='Abbildung 1: Vereinfachte Darstellung des zeitlichen Ablaufs von der ersten Beh\u00e4lterbeladung bis zur Einlagerung in ein Endlager' title='221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_1_Abb1'  height=\"1783\" width=\"1200\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_1_Abb1.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_1_Abb1-202x300.jpg 202w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_1_Abb1-693x1030.jpg 693w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_1_Abb1-768x1141.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_1_Abb1-1034x1536.jpg 1034w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_1_Abb1-1010x1500.jpg 1010w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_1_Abb1-474x705.jpg 474w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-pji3gh-555fd2c174908731f0550c8149f0c48a\">\n.flex_column.av-pji3gh-555fd2c174908731f0550c8149f0c48a{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-pji3gh-555fd2c174908731f0550c8149f0c48a av_one_half  avia-builder-el-10  el_after_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p><section  class='av_textblock_section av-2twpa2-7e2da65d3e11f5a306f2d894db9cae45 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>BGZ is a company organised in private legal form that is wholly owned by the Federal Government. BGZ was founded to ensure the reliable and safe operation of interim storage facilities for low, intermediate and high-level radioactive waste. Since 1 January 2019, the interim storage facilities for high-level radioactive waste have included not only the <a href=\"https:\/\/zwischenlager.info\/en\/standort\/ahaus\/\">Ahaus<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/zwischenlager.info\/en\/standort\/gorleben\/\">Gorleben<\/a> interim fuel storage facilities but also the <a href=\"https:\/\/zwischenlager.info\/en\/standort\/biblis\/\">Biblis<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/zwischenlager.info\/en\/standort\/brokdorf\/\">Brokdorf<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/zwischenlager.info\/en\/standort\/grafenrheinfeld\/\">Grafenrheinfeld<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/zwischenlager.info\/en\/standort\/grohnde\/\">Grohnde<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/zwischenlager.info\/en\/standort\/gundremmingen\/\">Gundremmingen<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/zwischenlager.info\/en\/standort\/isar\/\">Isar<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/zwischenlager.info\/en\/standort\/kruemmel\/\">Kru\u0308mmel<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/zwischenlager.info\/en\/standort\/lingen\/\">Lingen<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/zwischenlager.info\/en\/standort\/neckarwestheim\/\">Neckarwestheim<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/zwischenlager.info\/en\/standort\/philippsburg\/\">Philippsburg<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/zwischenlager.info\/en\/standort\/unterweser\/\">Unterweser<\/a> sites<span id=\"su_tooltip_6a7f789e56d03_button\" class=\"su-tooltip-button su-tooltip-button-outline-yes\" aria-describedby=\"su_tooltip_6a7f789e56d03\" data-settings='{\"position\":\"top\",\"behavior\":\"hover\",\"hideDelay\":0}' tabindex=\"0\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"display:none;z-index:100\" id=\"su_tooltip_6a7f789e56d03\" class=\"su-tooltip\" role=\"tooltip\"><span class=\"su-tooltip-inner su-tooltip-shadow-no\" style=\"z-index:100;background:#0d57a0;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:13px;border-radius:0px;text-align:left;max-width:300px;line-height:1.25\"><span class=\"su-tooltip-title\"><\/span><span class=\"su-tooltip-content su-u-trim\">The Brunsbu\u0308ttel on-site interim storage facility is currently operated by Kernkraftwerk Brunsbu\u0308ttel GmbH &amp; Co. oHG; transfer to BGZ will take place as soon as the ongoing procedure for reissuing the storage licence is completed and the licence can be utilised.<\/span><\/span><span id=\"su_tooltip_6a7f789e56d03_arrow\" class=\"su-tooltip-arrow\" style=\"z-index:100;background:#0d57a0\" data-popper-arrow><\/span><\/span>. High-level radioactive waste is stored at interim storage facilities until it is transferred to a repository. The procedural periods for searching and selecting a site for a repository for high-level radioactive waste are established in the German Site Selection Act. The intended and approved interim storage period of up to 40 years will almost certainly not be long enough. It might take longer to commission a repository for the spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and other heat-generating radioactive waste and to clear the storage facilities. As shown in Figure 1, the time limits of the existing storage licences for interim storage facilities will expire<span id=\"su_tooltip_6a7f789e56da5_button\" class=\"su-tooltip-button su-tooltip-button-outline-yes\" aria-describedby=\"su_tooltip_6a7f789e56da5\" data-settings='{\"position\":\"top\",\"behavior\":\"hover\",\"hideDelay\":0}' tabindex=\"0\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/span><span style=\"display:none;z-index:100\" id=\"su_tooltip_6a7f789e56da5\" class=\"su-tooltip\" role=\"tooltip\"><span class=\"su-tooltip-inner su-tooltip-shadow-no\" style=\"z-index:100;background:#0d57a0;color:#FFFFFF;font-size:13px;border-radius:0px;text-align:left;max-width:300px;line-height:1.25\"><span class=\"su-tooltip-title\"><\/span><span class=\"su-tooltip-content su-u-trim\">The period specified in the storage licences for a period of 40 years begins with the closing of the DPC after it is loaded. This period will expire for the first DPC as early as 2032.<\/span><\/span><span id=\"su_tooltip_6a7f789e56da5_arrow\" class=\"su-tooltip-arrow\" style=\"z-index:100;background:#0d57a0\" data-popper-arrow><\/span><\/span> between 20342 and 2047. As the operator and licence holder, BGZ is required to provide ongoing proof of where the dual-purpose casks remain as well as of compliance with the safety objectives for extended interim storage in accordance with the state of the art in science and technology.<\/p>\n<p>The research programme developed here identifies the research that is required and provides an overview of the BGZ\u2019s research strategy and activities. The research programme is constantly updated and adapted in line with the evolving state of the art in science and technology.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2sxonj7-80521b32eb4dea551f356c14ffd65f97\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-l2sxonj7-80521b32eb4dea551f356c14ffd65f97{\nheight:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-l2sxonj7-80521b32eb4dea551f356c14ffd65f97 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-12  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_hr '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2t67mig-7a72bd8542f58c453a5a1e9ac41ebf6c\">\n#top .hr.av-l2t67mig-7a72bd8542f58c453a5a1e9ac41ebf6c{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.hr.av-l2t67mig-7a72bd8542f58c453a5a1e9ac41ebf6c .hr-inner{\nwidth:250px;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-l2t67mig-7a72bd8542f58c453a5a1e9ac41ebf6c hr-custom  avia-builder-el-13  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_textblock  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2sxoajs-2ec8148908025ae02d634010cd29333e\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-l2sxoajs-2ec8148908025ae02d634010cd29333e .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2sxoajs-2ec8148908025ae02d634010cd29333e '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='av-small-hide av-mini-hide avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>Figure 1 (on the left): Simplified representation of the time sequence from initial cask loading through to emplacement in a repository<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2sxqxu2-9ac01b15fdcbbb7a4a99cc45fbeaf694\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-l2sxqxu2-9ac01b15fdcbbb7a4a99cc45fbeaf694 .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2sxqxu2-9ac01b15fdcbbb7a4a99cc45fbeaf694 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='av-desktop-hide av-medium-hide avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>Figure 1: Simplified representation of the time sequence from initial cask loading through to emplacement in a repository<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2sy6n9r-26509ae06a8341a6c3c484d2769a6a75\">\n.av_font_icon.av-l2sy6n9r-26509ae06a8341a6c3c484d2769a6a75 .av-icon-char{\nfont-size:20px;\nline-height:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<span  class='av_font_icon av-l2sy6n9r-26509ae06a8341a6c3c484d2769a6a75 avia_animate_when_visible av-icon-style- avia-icon-pos-left avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello av-no-color avia-icon-animate'><a href='https:\/\/bgz.de\/en\/research-program-fig-1\/'   class='av-icon-char' data-av_icon='\ue803' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' aria-hidden=\"false\" data-avia-icon-tooltip=\"&lt;br \/&gt;\nEnlarge figure&lt;br \/&gt;\n\"><\/a><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div class='clear'><\/div><div id='sub_menu1'  class='av-submenu-container av-kljmluip-d1afbf17871240cb84d40d456f3a0c7b main_color av-switch-768  avia-builder-el-17  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  av-sticky-submenu submenu-not-first container_wrap sidebar_right' style='z-index:301' ><div class='container av-menu-mobile-active av-submenu-pos-center av-submenu-hidden'><a href=\"#\" class=\"mobile_menu_toggle\"><span class='avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='list' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello'><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"22\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 22 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-1' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-1' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-1'>List<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-1'>List<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M3.2 20.8q0.64 0 1.12 0.48t0.48 1.12-0.48 1.12-1.12 0.48h-1.6q-0.64 0-1.12-0.48t-0.48-1.12 0.448-1.12 1.152-0.48h1.6zM3.2 14.4q0.64 0 1.12 0.48t0.48 1.12-0.48 1.12-1.12 0.48h-1.6q-0.64 0-1.12-0.48t-0.48-1.12 0.448-1.12 1.152-0.48h1.6zM3.2 8q0.64 0 1.12 0.48t0.48 1.12-0.48 1.12-1.12 0.48h-1.6q-0.64 0-1.12-0.48t-0.48-1.12 0.448-1.12 1.152-0.48h1.6zM9.6 11.2q-0.64 0-1.12-0.48t-0.48-1.12 0.48-1.12 1.12-0.48h11.2q0.704 0 1.152 0.48t0.448 1.12-0.48 1.12-1.12 0.48h-11.2zM20.8 14.4q0.704 0 1.152 0.48t0.448 1.12-0.48 1.12-1.12 0.48h-11.2q-0.64 0-1.12-0.48t-0.48-1.12 0.48-1.12 1.12-0.48h11.2zM20.8 20.8q0.704 0 1.152 0.48t0.448 1.12-0.48 1.12-1.12 0.48h-11.2q-0.64 0-1.12-0.48t-0.48-1.12 0.48-1.12 1.12-0.48h11.2z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><\/span><span class=\"av-current-placeholder\">Menu<\/span><\/a><ul id='av-custom-submenu-1' class='av-subnav-menu' role='menu'>\n<li class='menu-item av-9nrv96-b30da041f3a9246b037a0d7311da60a4 menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-1' role='menuitem'><a href='#developmentoftheresearchprogramme'  ><span class='avia-bullet'><\/span><span class='avia-menu-text'>Development of the research programme<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class='menu-item av-7m3ouy-9ba9c0bb9b1b13305a0af6c45d086938 menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-2' role='menuitem'><a href='#nationalandinternationalcooperation'  ><span class='avia-bullet'><\/span><span class='avia-menu-text'>National and international cooperation<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class='menu-item av-jwo4q-3-8f2691eae89715b87e3aa163ff2a0042 menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-3' role='menuitem'><a href='#communicatingprogressandoutcomes'  ><span class='avia-bullet'><\/span><span class='avia-menu-text'>Communicating progress and outcomes<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class='menu-item av-jwo4q-4c27897a89d9a58eda4ccab031565042 menu-item-top-level menu-item-top-level-4' role='menuitem'><a href='#researchactivities'  ><span class='avia-bullet'><\/span><span class='avia-menu-text'>Research activities<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/div><div class='sticky_placeholder'><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2sypv27-7eccf4eaaa38c466ed4e56298140287f\">\n.avia-section.av-l2sypv27-7eccf4eaaa38c466ed4e56298140287f{\nbackground-color:#0d57a0;\nbackground-image:unset;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='developmentoftheresearchprogramme'  class='avia-section av-l2sypv27-7eccf4eaaa38c466ed4e56298140287f main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-18  el_after_av_submenu  el_before_av_slideshow_full  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-13120'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2sypb1v-a00ccd69022b87e894b7472e53307377\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-l2sypb1v-a00ccd69022b87e894b7472e53307377 .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2sypb1v-a00ccd69022b87e894b7472e53307377 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3>Development of the research programme<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='full_slider_2'  class='avia-fullwidth-slider main_color avia-shadow   avia-builder-el-20  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section   slider-not-first container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div  class='avia-slideshow av-l2szgrop-75355a020d64e42bc0eafa0209d1148b avia-slideshow-no scaling av_slideshow_full avia-slide-slider av-slideshow-ui av-control-hidden av-no-slider-navigation av-hide-nav-arrows av-slideshow-autoplay av-loop-endless av-loop-manual-endless av-default-height-applied   avia-slideshow-2' data-slideshow-options=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:true,&quot;loop_autoplay&quot;:&quot;endless&quot;,&quot;interval&quot;:4,&quot;loop_manual&quot;:&quot;manual-endless&quot;,&quot;autoplay_stopper&quot;:false,&quot;noNavigation&quot;:true,&quot;bg_slider&quot;:false,&quot;keep_padding&quot;:false,&quot;hoverpause&quot;:false,&quot;show_slide_delay&quot;:0}\"  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><ul class='avia-slideshow-inner ' style='padding-bottom: 28.666666666667%;'><li  class='avia-slideshow-slide av-l2szgrop-75355a020d64e42bc0eafa0209d1148b__0  av-single-slide slide-1 slide-odd'><div data-rel='slideshow-2' class='avia-slide-wrap '   ><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class=\"wp-image-11453 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-11453\"  src=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Header-der-Weg-zum-Forschungsprogramm.jpg\" width=\"1500\" height=\"430\" title='Header-der-Weg-zum-Forschungsprogramm' alt=''  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Header-der-Weg-zum-Forschungsprogramm.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Header-der-Weg-zum-Forschungsprogramm-300x86.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Header-der-Weg-zum-Forschungsprogramm-1030x295.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Header-der-Weg-zum-Forschungsprogramm-768x220.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Header-der-Weg-zum-Forschungsprogramm-705x202.jpg 705w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Header-der-Weg-zum-Forschungsprogramm-1320x378.jpg 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2qc3nr5-464e38f93b4b1c3085e0200b26f3f725\">\n.avia-section.av-2qc3nr5-464e38f93b4b1c3085e0200b26f3f725{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_3'  class='avia-section av-2qc3nr5-464e38f93b4b1c3085e0200b26f3f725 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-21  el_after_av_slideshow_full  el_before_av_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-13120'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1wl54sh-9e26aedcad91e4a115fe0b5eafe45a28\">\n#top .flex_column.av-1wl54sh-9e26aedcad91e4a115fe0b5eafe45a28{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-1wl54sh-9e26aedcad91e4a115fe0b5eafe45a28{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-1wl54sh-9e26aedcad91e4a115fe0b5eafe45a28{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1wl54sh-9e26aedcad91e4a115fe0b5eafe45a28 av_three_fourth  avia-builder-el-22  el_before_av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2syslg4-3a7e4ddf75ece08887422ef9a7562c5a '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><blockquote>\n<p>The development of the research programme follows a holistic approach to safety objectives. In this context, the safety proofs on which the storage licences and package design approvals are based were systematically and critically questioned with regard to extended interim storage.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2sysh4n-ebc13d4cf75b39f52e34c7bc751dc3e6 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The research programme also draws on operational experience with storage buildings, casks and inventories. International exchange and the review of current research findings that define the state of the art in science and technology also play an important role in determining the research needs that are required on extended interim storage (see Figure 2). Effects and possible countermeasures are always key factors to be taken into account when assessing the need for research. The underlying concept of dry interim storage and the associated functions of the casks, the inventory and the storage building, must also be included. The aim is to identify any need for action at an early stage in order to be able to use the remaining time until the application is submitted for corresponding research programmes and thus open up additional options for action if necessary.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-162p4wx-b8cc6facb4a24badf9739b1886942a69\">\n#top .flex_column.av-162p4wx-b8cc6facb4a24badf9739b1886942a69{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-162p4wx-b8cc6facb4a24badf9739b1886942a69{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-162p4wx-b8cc6facb4a24badf9739b1886942a69{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-162p4wx-b8cc6facb4a24badf9739b1886942a69 av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-25  el_after_av_three_fourth  el_before_av_hr  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l32u1vzk-d31a136ba24a77c7129a4ce7c912f19d\">\n.avia-image-container.av-l32u1vzk-d31a136ba24a77c7129a4ce7c912f19d img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-l32u1vzk-d31a136ba24a77c7129a4ce7c912f19d .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-l32u1vzk-d31a136ba24a77c7129a4ce7c912f19d av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-26  el_before_av_button  avia-builder-el-first '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-13268 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-13268 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/EN-Vorschau-Titel-Forschungsprogramm-600x600-2.jpg\" alt='' title='EN-Vorschau-Titel-Forschungsprogramm-600x600'  height=\"600\" width=\"600\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/EN-Vorschau-Titel-Forschungsprogramm-600x600-2.jpg 600w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/EN-Vorschau-Titel-Forschungsprogramm-600x600-2-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/EN-Vorschau-Titel-Forschungsprogramm-600x600-2-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/EN-Vorschau-Titel-Forschungsprogramm-600x600-2-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/EN-Vorschau-Titel-Forschungsprogramm-600x600-2-180x180.jpg 180w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-button-wrap av-l32u17m2-3aed1c998f1e412e856ddb6ad47f88b0-wrap avia-button-center  avia-builder-el-27  el_after_av_image  avia-builder-el-last '><a href='\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/221118_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_EN.pdf'  class='avia-button av-l32u17m2-3aed1c998f1e412e856ddb6ad47f88b0 av-link-btn avia-icon_select-no avia-size-small avia-position-center avia-color-theme-color'  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"  aria-label=\"Download brochure as PDF\"><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Download brochure as PDF<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/p><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1i078pt-b766361c91c98484048d73bb541d23b6\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-1i078pt-b766361c91c98484048d73bb541d23b6{\nmargin-top:-50px;\nheight:1px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-1i078pt-b766361c91c98484048d73bb541d23b6 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-28  el_after_av_one_fourth  el_before_av_two_third '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-l2szt34w-8da34f54db41e58d3b0675dc5cc43364 sc-av_two_third av-equal-height-column-flextable'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2szt34w-8da34f54db41e58d3b0675dc5cc43364\">\n.flex_column.av-l2szt34w-8da34f54db41e58d3b0675dc5cc43364{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  id=\"fig02\"  class='flex_column av-l2szt34w-8da34f54db41e58d3b0675dc5cc43364 av_two_third  avia-builder-el-29  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_one_third  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-bottom av-zero-column-padding  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2sznr3v-cce26f3a4592b31f357c973f1e546ccf\">\n.avia-image-container.av-l2sznr3v-cce26f3a4592b31f357c973f1e546ccf img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-l2sznr3v-cce26f3a4592b31f357c973f1e546ccf .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-l2sznr3v-cce26f3a4592b31f357c973f1e546ccf av-styling-no-styling av-img-linked avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-30  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/en\/research-program-fig-2\/\" class='avia_image '  aria-label='221118_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_4_Abb3-800px'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-13427 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-13427 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/221118_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_4_Abb3-800px.jpg\" alt='Abbildung 1: Vereinfachte Darstellung des zeitlichen Ablaufs von der ersten Beh\u00e4lterbeladung bis zur Einlagerung in ein Endlager' title='221118_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_4_Abb3-800px'  height=\"536\" width=\"800\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/221118_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_4_Abb3-800px.jpg 800w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/221118_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_4_Abb3-800px-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/221118_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_4_Abb3-800px-768x515.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/221118_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_4_Abb3-800px-705x472.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lpsj8h-280c39906ba7bbdb79cdb5e0b2a3cca4\">\n.flex_column.av-lpsj8h-280c39906ba7bbdb79cdb5e0b2a3cca4{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  id=\"abb-01\"  class='flex_column av-lpsj8h-280c39906ba7bbdb79cdb5e0b2a3cca4 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-31  el_after_av_two_third  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-bottom av-zero-column-padding  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-22p4std-fa3219590edf757f46439fc1aeaa39e5\">\n#top .hr.av-22p4std-fa3219590edf757f46439fc1aeaa39e5{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.hr.av-22p4std-fa3219590edf757f46439fc1aeaa39e5 .hr-inner{\nwidth:250px;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-22p4std-fa3219590edf757f46439fc1aeaa39e5 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-32  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1xfdxd-500bb4076ab2414e7d0604ada47c9056\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-1xfdxd-500bb4076ab2414e7d0604ada47c9056 .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-1xfdxd-500bb4076ab2414e7d0604ada47c9056 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>Figure 2: Procedure for the development of the research programme<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2szsig9-6291a681f94892a5d9afead8cc9ec91a\">\n.av_font_icon.av-l2szsig9-6291a681f94892a5d9afead8cc9ec91a .av-icon-char{\nfont-size:20px;\nline-height:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<span  class='av_font_icon av-l2szsig9-6291a681f94892a5d9afead8cc9ec91a avia_animate_when_visible av-icon-style- avia-icon-pos-left avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello av-no-color avia-icon-animate'><a href='https:\/\/bgz.de\/en\/research-program-fig-2\/'   class='av-icon-char' data-av_icon='\ue803' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' aria-hidden=\"false\" data-avia-icon-tooltip=\"&lt;br \/&gt;\nAbbildung vergr\u00f6\u00dfern&lt;br \/&gt;\n\"><\/a><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2szvo5j-0e1f01c38b67830c3680b0c747ff10a6\">\n.avia-section.av-l2szvo5j-0e1f01c38b67830c3680b0c747ff10a6{\nbackground-color:#0d57a0;\nbackground-image:unset;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='nationalandinternationalcooperation'  class='avia-section av-l2szvo5j-0e1f01c38b67830c3680b0c747ff10a6 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-35  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_slideshow_full  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-13120'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2szv90q-6cdb4c2e6543c73510477b8c98e59da0\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-l2szv90q-6cdb4c2e6543c73510477b8c98e59da0 .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2szv90q-6cdb4c2e6543c73510477b8c98e59da0 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3>National and international cooperation<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='full_slider_3'  class='avia-fullwidth-slider main_color avia-shadow   avia-builder-el-37  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section   slider-not-first container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div  class='avia-slideshow av-l2t06xzz-ceaa0cb6e7f0e13e70d8b68a619b32cf avia-slideshow-no scaling av_slideshow_full avia-slide-slider av-slideshow-ui av-control-hidden av-no-slider-navigation av-hide-nav-arrows av-slideshow-autoplay av-loop-endless av-loop-manual-endless av-default-height-applied   avia-slideshow-3' data-slideshow-options=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:true,&quot;loop_autoplay&quot;:&quot;endless&quot;,&quot;interval&quot;:4,&quot;loop_manual&quot;:&quot;manual-endless&quot;,&quot;autoplay_stopper&quot;:false,&quot;noNavigation&quot;:true,&quot;bg_slider&quot;:false,&quot;keep_padding&quot;:false,&quot;hoverpause&quot;:false,&quot;show_slide_delay&quot;:0}\"  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><ul class='avia-slideshow-inner ' style='padding-bottom: 28.666666666667%;'><li  class='avia-slideshow-slide av-l2t06xzz-ceaa0cb6e7f0e13e70d8b68a619b32cf__0  av-single-slide slide-1 slide-odd'><div data-rel='slideshow-3' class='avia-slide-wrap '   ><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class=\"wp-image-11465 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-11465\"  src=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Header-nationale-und-internationale-zusammenarbeit.jpg\" width=\"1500\" height=\"430\" title='Header-nationale-und-internationale-zusammenarbeit' alt=''  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Header-nationale-und-internationale-zusammenarbeit.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Header-nationale-und-internationale-zusammenarbeit-300x86.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Header-nationale-und-internationale-zusammenarbeit-1030x295.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Header-nationale-und-internationale-zusammenarbeit-768x220.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Header-nationale-und-internationale-zusammenarbeit-705x202.jpg 705w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Header-nationale-und-internationale-zusammenarbeit-1320x378.jpg 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<div id='av_section_5'  class='avia-section av-368dif5-7fab560c314438d67f65efa6a268cb98 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-38  el_after_av_slideshow_full  el_before_av_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-13120'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2t07d96-c9762dfab59f65f232739200a611c9bf '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><blockquote>\n<p>BGZ\u2019s work on the research tasks presented in this report involves extensive professional exchange at national and international level.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2t08n8p-c5b98e43e6ae6e6d414368d5a6666934 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Within the framework of specific research projects, collaboration takes place with partners involved in the manufacture of casks and fuel assemblies as well as partners in research institutes, universities and other relevant companies. BGZ strives to transparently involve all important and relevant partners in the field of nuclear waste management in its research. Collaboration on specific projects is outlined in Chapter below for each project.<\/p>\n<p>As well as collaborating on specific research projects, BGZ also cooperates with strategic partners in the field of nuclear waste management and participates in programmes, organisations and committees. These are presented separately in brief in the following.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l3a7utun-d3c2595e4fdf85edd99421adfb0fbf17\">\n.avia-section.av-l3a7utun-d3c2595e4fdf85edd99421adfb0fbf17{\nbackground-color:rgba(199,210,217,0.43);\nbackground-image:unset;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_6'  class='avia-section av-l3a7utun-d3c2595e4fdf85edd99421adfb0fbf17 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-41  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-13120'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2t09vfx-eba994f815f916274a0b6362abdfa954 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>EWN Group<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ewn-gmbh.de\/en\/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EWN Entsorgungswerk fu\u0308r Nuklearanlagen GmbH<\/a>, which is also a state-owned company that is preparing for extended interim storage, is an important strategic partner for BGZ at the national level. EWN operates the ZLN storage facility near Lubmin, which will be replaced by the \u00adESTRAL storage facility by the mid\/late 2020s. The J\u00fclicher Entsorgungsgesellschaft f\u00fcr Nuklearanlagen mbH (JEN), which is affiliated with EWN, also operates the AVR storage facility in J\u00fclich.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, the Kerntechnische Entsorgung Karlsruhe GmbH (KTE), which is also affiliated with EWN, has stored nuclear fuel in the form of vitrified radioactive waste from the reprocessing of spent fuel assemblies in the ZLN. The shared interests and key tasks in this context provide the basis for regular mutual exchange. There are also plans for joint research projects with the EWN Group.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_7'  class='avia-section av-2pfw3xd-64cafa0e409bf594f1b988748070eef3 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-43  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-13120'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2t0aj71-6d4e44b2378a50d965a11e6f463467f5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>Cooperation in DIN standards committees<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>BGZ sends a permanent member to the working group NA 062-07-54 AA \u201cCriticality safety and decay power\u201d of the DIN Standards Committee Materials Testing (NMP). The working committee draws up and updates the relevant standards and holds important discussions on topics of criticality safety and the decay power of SNF. Cooperation in additional DIN standards committees that are relevant to interim storage is planned.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-20s0dhd-f6b3e80af4be4006ab6e8f45b6485af4\">\n.avia-section.av-20s0dhd-f6b3e80af4be4006ab6e8f45b6485af4{\nbackground-color:rgba(199,210,217,0.43);\nbackground-image:unset;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_8'  class='avia-section av-20s0dhd-f6b3e80af4be4006ab6e8f45b6485af4 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-45  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-13120'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2t0c29f-76ef3e0016b6e7328dec96dca8aefa3c '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>Cask manufacturers \u2013 GNS and Orano NPS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The dual-purpose casks (DPCs) used to store spent fuel assemblies and vitrified waste from reprocessing in BGZ interim storage facilities are from the German-based Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Nuklear-Service mbH (GNS) or from Orano Nuclear Packages and Services (Orano NPS) in France. Both companies have decades of experience in the field of nuclear waste disposal, especially in the development, approval and production of dual-purpose casks for highly radioactive waste. The CASTOR<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> cask type developed by GNS accounts for more than 90% of the DPCs stored by BGZ; the remaining are TN<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> type casks from the company Orano NPS. The cask manufacturers GNS and Orano NPS hold the package design approval for DPCs and are thus important partners of BGZ.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_9'  class='avia-section av-1psbou9-843c98c23e25bea9afeed5e3286e9a09 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-47  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-13120'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2t0d7tu-7af1fec0ee676e2190c2900f6f0b9f6c '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>Partnerships with Swiss institutions<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>ZWILAG Zwischenlager W\u00fcrenlingen AG and BGZ have been in regular contact with each other for many years. In view of the extended interim storage period, shared interests and key tasks, there are plans to extend this mutual exchange to the Swiss nuclear power plant operating companies BKW Energie AG, Kernkraftwerk G\u00f6sgen-D\u00e4niken AG, Kernkraftwerk Leibstadt AG and Axpo Power AG in the future.<\/p>\n<p>The Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) is the largest research institute for natural and engineering sciences in Switzerland and has a long tradition in energy research. The PSI is an important partner for BGZ in research on the safe disposal of spent fuel. The PSI has an extensive research infrastructure that includes the operation of hot cells in which entire fuel rods can be studied, as well as other large-scale facilities such as the Swiss Synchrotron Light Source (SLS) and the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source (SINQ).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l3a7vo20-2ef98bf4f4b2fa8aff4a7f0e55502ab2\">\n.avia-section.av-l3a7vo20-2ef98bf4f4b2fa8aff4a7f0e55502ab2{\nbackground-color:rgba(199,210,217,0.43);\nbackground-image:unset;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_10'  class='avia-section av-l3a7vo20-2ef98bf4f4b2fa8aff4a7f0e55502ab2 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-49  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-13120'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2t0e935-9b69528ce478213c86d71bb43a1db679 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>Extended Storage Collaboration Program<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) is an independent non-profit organisation in the USA that conducts research on electrical power supply. The research is mainly financed by the members and participants, who are made up of approximately 1,000 organisations from 40 countries worldwide. In 2009, the Extended Storage Collaboration Program (ESCP) was founded with the aim of expanding the technical basis for ensuring the extended interim storage of irradiated fuel assemblies and their subsequent transport. Among other things, the focus is on defining common goals, exchanging information and strengthening international cooperation. Approximately 600 participants from 19 countries take part in the ESCP programme and more than 150 participants in each of the bi-annual meetings.<\/p>\n<p>BGZ chairs the modelling and benchmark working group here, which is primarily concerned with preparing and using experimental data for the validation of existing computational programmes, as well as determining and quantifying uncertainties in the forecast models (see also Chapter casks, Inventories, Thermal Modelling Benchmark).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_11'  class='avia-section av-13zst0h-2ddf104f3f6efc7df371e35d5d7a358e main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-51  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-13120'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2t0hsxy-ed48af780d7f2033a0734416614521b7 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>Nuclear Energy Agency<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) \u2013 OECD\/NEA \u2013 provides a framework in which governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common questions, identify best practices and work to coordinate national and international strategies. The NEA\u2019s specific areas of competence include safety and regulation of nuclear activities, radioactive waste management, radiation protection, nuclear science, economic and technical analyses of the nuclear fuel cycle, nuclear law and liability, and public relations. The NEA Data Bank [8] provides nuclear data and computer programmes for participating countries.<\/p>\n<p>BGZ is a member of the Working Party on Nuclear Criticality Safety (WPNCS) [9] and provides one member of the delegation from the Federal Republic of Germany. The WPNCS addresses technical and scientific issues relevant to criticality safety. This also includes the transport and storage of fuels.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2i0zgh-ab19d0b7de5b452ca804b59fe51e1f99\">\n.avia-section.av-2i0zgh-ab19d0b7de5b452ca804b59fe51e1f99{\nbackground-color:rgba(199,210,217,0.43);\nbackground-image:unset;\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_12'  class='avia-section av-2i0zgh-ab19d0b7de5b452ca804b59fe51e1f99 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-53  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-13120'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2t0k5ib-4473d05941e63032d4903476cece3181 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>International Atomic Energy Agency<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), which has its headquarters in Vienna, promotes the safe and peaceful use of nuclear energy. It was founded in 1957 as the \u201cAtoms for Peace\u201d organisation of the United Nations and has 172 member states today. The focus of its work is on nuclear safety and the safeguarding and monitoring of fissile nuclear materials. The IAEA promotes research and technology for the application of ionising radiation in medicine, food safety, agriculture and environmental monitoring.<\/p>\n<p>The internationally required safety level is developed by the IAEA and defined in the Safety Standards [10]. These cover all aspects of reactor safety, radiation protection, the transport of nuclear goods and the disposal of radioactive waste. The Commission on Safety Standards manages the continuous development of technical committees that are made up of experts from the member states. BGZ is represented in the Transport Safety Standards Committee (TRANSSC, Transports of Nuclear Goods). BGZ also participates in Coordinated Research Projects (CRP) and Technical Meetings (TM) of the IAEA.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ahamu9-aa4ecd3cf44d9ddb86834830dfe35c1b\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-ahamu9-aa4ecd3cf44d9ddb86834830dfe35c1b{\nheight:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-ahamu9-aa4ecd3cf44d9ddb86834830dfe35c1b hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-55  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2udqlgy-48afc78d150d69dab833d75cf7359605\">\n.avia-section.av-l2udqlgy-48afc78d150d69dab833d75cf7359605{\nbackground-color:#0d57a0;\nbackground-image:unset;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='communicatingprogressandoutcomes'  class='avia-section av-l2udqlgy-48afc78d150d69dab833d75cf7359605 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-56  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_slideshow_full  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-13120'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2udpyge-501c86ee2f3ff576d1a674ce27669f01\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-l2udpyge-501c86ee2f3ff576d1a674ce27669f01 .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2udpyge-501c86ee2f3ff576d1a674ce27669f01 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3>Communicating progress and outcomes<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='full_slider_4'  class='avia-fullwidth-slider main_color avia-shadow   avia-builder-el-58  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section   slider-not-first container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div  class='avia-slideshow av-l2udr6j2-944eb91cd32b8ee8db91f53a2a72fa03 avia-slideshow-no scaling av_slideshow_full avia-slide-slider av-slideshow-ui av-control-hidden av-no-slider-navigation av-hide-nav-arrows av-slideshow-autoplay av-loop-endless av-loop-manual-endless av-default-height-applied   avia-slideshow-4' data-slideshow-options=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:true,&quot;loop_autoplay&quot;:&quot;endless&quot;,&quot;interval&quot;:4,&quot;loop_manual&quot;:&quot;manual-endless&quot;,&quot;autoplay_stopper&quot;:false,&quot;noNavigation&quot;:true,&quot;bg_slider&quot;:false,&quot;keep_padding&quot;:false,&quot;hoverpause&quot;:false,&quot;show_slide_delay&quot;:0}\"  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><ul class='avia-slideshow-inner ' style='padding-bottom: 28.666666666667%;'><li  class='avia-slideshow-slide av-l2udr6j2-944eb91cd32b8ee8db91f53a2a72fa03__0  av-single-slide slide-1 slide-odd'><div data-rel='slideshow-4' class='avia-slide-wrap '   ><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class=\"wp-image-11571 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-11571\"  src=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Header-kommunikation-der-ergebnisse.png\" width=\"1500\" height=\"430\" title='Header-kommunikation-der-ergebnisse' alt=''  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Header-kommunikation-der-ergebnisse.png 1500w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Header-kommunikation-der-ergebnisse-300x86.png 300w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Header-kommunikation-der-ergebnisse-1030x295.png 1030w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Header-kommunikation-der-ergebnisse-768x220.png 768w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Header-kommunikation-der-ergebnisse-705x202.png 705w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Header-kommunikation-der-ergebnisse-1320x378.png 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2615sdd-bb343dd9344a792477800e49c477f3f3\">\n.avia-section.av-2615sdd-bb343dd9344a792477800e49c477f3f3{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='transport-text'  class='avia-section av-2615sdd-bb343dd9344a792477800e49c477f3f3 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-59  el_after_av_slideshow_full  el_before_av_tab_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-13120'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2udrdiy-a6137920aebd331a471fbb2d9bdffc06\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-l2udrdiy-a6137920aebd331a471fbb2d9bdffc06{\npadding-bottom:30px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-l2udrdiy-a6137920aebd331a471fbb2d9bdffc06 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-l2udrdiy-a6137920aebd331a471fbb2d9bdffc06 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-l2udrdiy-a6137920aebd331a471fbb2d9bdffc06 av-special-heading-h2 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-60  el_before_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-first '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Communicating progress and outcomes<\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1te46pt-4923e7b9aed3c3982d7d18bcdd6d237b\">\n#top .flex_column.av-1te46pt-4923e7b9aed3c3982d7d18bcdd6d237b{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-1te46pt-4923e7b9aed3c3982d7d18bcdd6d237b{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-1te46pt-4923e7b9aed3c3982d7d18bcdd6d237b{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1te46pt-4923e7b9aed3c3982d7d18bcdd6d237b av_one_full  avia-builder-el-61  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_hr  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2udsh35-fcdb700d6e17657c40ca6ff2ee088ee5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><blockquote>\n<p>Results and progress of the research programme are communicated on several levels by different actors and with content adapted to the respective target group. This communication work is undertaken by individual scientists, by specialist departments and in the form of press and public relations work at various levels, including addressing the general public, independent experts, and the scientific community.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2udvn7h-a9f51b2e731f5924be164bdb035fc24b '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>BGZ is already using the series of events being held as the \u201cInterim Storage Forum\u201d to answer and discuss essential issues relating to safe interim storage with representatives of citizens\u2019 initiatives, public authorities, and scientific institutions as well as interested citizens. In this framework, dialogue and discussions cover various aspects of the safe storage of radioactive waste as well as current research. The internet platform of the Interim Storage Forum [6] is designed to foster the exchange of information on the interim storage of radioactive waste. The forum can be used to direct specific questions to BGZ and to provide prompt responses. All questions and the corresponding answers are published in the question forum.<\/p>\n<p>The current status and results of the research programme are presented and discussed with the participants at a biennial \u201cExpert Workshop on Interim Storage\u201d. The majority of workshop participants are from universities, research institutions, public authorities, expert bodies, and relevant committees or are representatives of the industry in Germany and Switzerland.<\/p>\n<p>Direct and ongoing exchanges take place at the scientific level with national and international project partners from research institutions and industry, as well as in the various national and international committees (see also Chapter below). Progress and the results generated by the BGZ research programme are also presented to and discussed by the broad international and national scientific community in the form of regular presentations at specialist meetings, conferences, and workshops. The research programme and selected results are also published in conference proceedings and the relevant peer-\u00adreviewed scientific journals. Whenever possible, contents are subsequently made freely available to the general \u00adpublic (so-called open access).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-153kk81-dcf8aaa7991bf7bc1ee3334be5441cbd\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-153kk81-dcf8aaa7991bf7bc1ee3334be5441cbd{\nmargin-top:-50px;\nheight:1px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-153kk81-dcf8aaa7991bf7bc1ee3334be5441cbd hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-64  el_after_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-last '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l3bn6uqd-453f996424829c9cc9bd668e98447ceb\">\n.av-tab-section-outer-container.av-l3bn6uqd-453f996424829c9cc9bd668e98447ceb .av-tab-section-tab-title-container{\nbackground-color:#c7d2d9;\n}\n<\/style>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='av-tab-section-1'  class='av-tab-section-container entry-content-wrapper main_color av-tab-no-transition av-tab-content-auto  av-tab-above-content  avia-builder-el-65  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  tab-section-not-first container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='av-tab-section-outer-container av-l3bn6uqd-453f996424829c9cc9bd668e98447ceb'><div class='av-tab-section-tab-title-container avia-tab-title-padding-default' role='tablist'><a href='#publications' data-av-tab-section-title='1' class='av-section-tab-title av-active-tab-title no-scroll av-l3bn4imb-a06a546a8dc41c08b7af79534557b3d3 av-tab-with-icon av-tab-no-image ' role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='av-tab-section-1-1'><span class='av-tab-section-icon avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue84e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><span class='av-outer-tab-title'><span class='av-inner-tab-title'>Publications<\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-tab-arrow-container\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/a><a href='#events' data-av-tab-section-title='2' class='av-section-tab-title  av-l3bn47w3-8cd2cf30be600928dcec2b5367dd7498 av-tab-with-icon av-tab-no-image ' role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='av-tab-section-1-2'><span class='av-tab-section-icon avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue80b' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><span class='av-outer-tab-title'><span class='av-inner-tab-title'>Events<\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-tab-arrow-container\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/a><a href='#forum-q-a' data-av-tab-section-title='3' class='av-section-tab-title  av-l3bn5rqt-08f6e836ce84405f66a187c90843b7da av-tab-with-icon av-tab-no-image ' role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='av-tab-section-1-3'><span class='av-tab-section-icon avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue81d' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><span class='av-outer-tab-title'><span class='av-inner-tab-title'>Forum Q &amp; A<\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-tab-arrow-container\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div><div class='avia-slideshow-arrows av-tabsection-arrow' ><a href='#prev' class='prev-slide av_prev_tab_section av-tab-section-slide avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='left-open-big' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' tabindex='-1' title=\"Previous\"><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 15 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-2' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-2' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-2'>Previous<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-2'>Previous<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M14.464 27.84q0.832 0.832 0 1.536-0.832 0.832-1.536 0l-12.544-12.608q-0.768-0.768 0-1.6l12.544-12.608q0.704-0.832 1.536 0 0.832 0.704 0 1.536l-11.456 11.904z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Previous<\/span><\/a><a href='#next' class='next-slide av_next_tab_section av-tab-section-slide avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='right-open-big' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' tabindex='-1' title=\"Next\"><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 15 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-3' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-3' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-3'>Next<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-3'>Next<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M0.416 27.84l11.456-11.84-11.456-11.904q-0.832-0.832 0-1.536 0.832-0.832 1.536 0l12.544 12.608q0.768 0.832 0 1.6l-12.544 12.608q-0.704 0.832-1.536 0-0.832-0.704 0-1.536z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Next<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class='av-tab-section-inner-container avia-section-default' style='width:300vw; left:0%;'><span class=\"av_prev_tab_section av_tab_navigation\"><\/span><span class=\"av_next_tab_section av_tab_navigation\"><\/span>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l3bn4imb-a06a546a8dc41c08b7af79534557b3d3\">\n.av-layout-tab.av-l3bn4imb-a06a546a8dc41c08b7af79534557b3d3{\nvertical-align:top;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av-tab-section-1-1' class='av-layout-tab av-l3bn4imb-a06a546a8dc41c08b7af79534557b3d3 av-animation-delay-container  avia-builder-el-66  el_before_av_tab_sub_section  avia-builder-el-first  av-active-tab-content __av_init_open ' data-av-deeplink-tabs=\"\" data-av-tab-section-content=\"1\" data-tab-section-id=\"publications\"><div class=\"av-layout-tab-inner\"><div class=\"container\"><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2h5wnnl-392328e53e6c439e2894030f646017b6\">\n.flex_column.av-2h5wnnl-392328e53e6c439e2894030f646017b6{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-2h5wnnl-392328e53e6c439e2894030f646017b6 av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-67  el_before_av_three_fourth  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l3bnyco7-e87f00fdfbc7d08ff55cd51667e291e8\">\n.avia-image-container.av-l3bnyco7-e87f00fdfbc7d08ff55cd51667e291e8 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-l3bnyco7-e87f00fdfbc7d08ff55cd51667e291e8 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-l3bnyco7-e87f00fdfbc7d08ff55cd51667e291e8 av-styling-no-styling av-img-linked avia-align-left  avia-builder-el-68  el_before_av_button  avia-builder-el-first '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><a href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/221118_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_EN.pdf\" class='avia_image '  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" aria-label='EN-Vorschau-Titel-Forschungsprogramm-450x600'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-13261 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-13261 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/EN-Vorschau-Titel-Forschungsprogramm-450x600-2.jpg\" alt='' title='EN-Vorschau-Titel-Forschungsprogramm-450x600'  height=\"600\" width=\"450\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/EN-Vorschau-Titel-Forschungsprogramm-450x600-2.jpg 450w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/EN-Vorschau-Titel-Forschungsprogramm-450x600-2-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-button-wrap av-l3bnxisw-064cdcc25aa6398bd6bcb7de9fff64ce-wrap avia-button-left  avia-builder-el-69  el_after_av_image  avia-builder-el-last '><a href='\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/221118_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_EN.pdf'  class='avia-button av-l3bnxisw-064cdcc25aa6398bd6bcb7de9fff64ce av-link-btn avia-icon_select-no avia-size-small avia-position-left avia-color-theme-color'  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"  aria-label=\"Download brochure\"><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Download brochure<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/p><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-17n9bdt-57327d5e165ad70c530cc5fac7df325d\">\n.flex_column.av-17n9bdt-57327d5e165ad70c530cc5fac7df325d{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-17n9bdt-57327d5e165ad70c530cc5fac7df325d av_three_fourth  avia-builder-el-70  el_after_av_one_fourth  el_before_av_hr  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-l3ctxeww-6508e5021e307bc030e09351abbbf33c '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3 class=\"av-special-heading-tag\">BGZ\u2019s research programme: thinking ahead interim storage<\/h3>\n<blockquote>\n<p>BGZ, as a company organised in a private legal form and wholly owned by the Federal Government, ensures the safe and reliable operation of interim storage facilities for low-, intermediate- and high-level radioactive waste.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>As the operator and licence holder, BGZ is obliged to provide permanent proof of the whereabouts of the transport and storage containers and compliance with the protection goals for extended interim storage in accordance with the state of the art in science and technology.<\/p>\n<p>The research programme developed here shows the research required for this purpose and provides an overview of BGZ\u2019s research strategy and activities. The research programme is continuously updated and adapted to the evolving state of science and technology.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l3bnsemx-977f7fe01aa8c3b0198cd6541837867f\">\n#top .hr.av-l3bnsemx-977f7fe01aa8c3b0198cd6541837867f{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n.hr.av-l3bnsemx-977f7fe01aa8c3b0198cd6541837867f .hr-inner{\nwidth:100%;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-l3bnsemx-977f7fe01aa8c3b0198cd6541837867f hr-custom  avia-builder-el-72  el_after_av_three_fourth  el_before_av_one_fourth  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-n2m2u9-dca733232d5d4d35a6ac95b789f83d29\">\n.flex_column.av-n2m2u9-dca733232d5d4d35a6ac95b789f83d29{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-n2m2u9-dca733232d5d4d35a6ac95b789f83d29 av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-73  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_three_fourth  first flex_column_div  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2ue20a7-dade5893b9ed2aba825b1a381f35135c\">\n.avia-image-container.av-l2ue20a7-dade5893b9ed2aba825b1a381f35135c img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-l2ue20a7-dade5893b9ed2aba825b1a381f35135c .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-l2ue20a7-dade5893b9ed2aba825b1a381f35135c av-styling-no-styling av-img-linked avia-align-left  avia-builder-el-74  el_before_av_button  avia-builder-el-first '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><a href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/BGZ_2020_Ergebnisse-Fachworkshop-Zwischenlagerung.pdf\" class='avia_image '  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" aria-label='Vorschau-Titel-Ergebnisbericht-Fachworkshop-450x600'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-11621 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-11621 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Vorschau-Titel-Ergebnisbericht-Fachworkshop-450x600-1.jpg\" alt='' title='Vorschau-Titel-Ergebnisbericht-Fachworkshop-450x600'  height=\"600\" width=\"450\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Vorschau-Titel-Ergebnisbericht-Fachworkshop-450x600-1.jpg 450w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Vorschau-Titel-Ergebnisbericht-Fachworkshop-450x600-1-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-button-wrap av-l2udydym-7e4da97677b2bfde626e7b762395899a-wrap avia-button-left  avia-builder-el-75  el_after_av_image  avia-builder-el-last '><a href='\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/BGZ_2020_Ergebnisse-Fachworkshop-Zwischenlagerung.pdf'  class='avia-button av-l2udydym-7e4da97677b2bfde626e7b762395899a av-link-btn avia-icon_select-no avia-size-small avia-position-left avia-color-theme-color'  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"  aria-label=\"Bericht downloaden\"><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Bericht downloaden<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/p><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1qigmap-126d83ba75de324cb3552f31a27cdec1\">\n.flex_column.av-1qigmap-126d83ba75de324cb3552f31a27cdec1{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1qigmap-126d83ba75de324cb3552f31a27cdec1 av_three_fourth  avia-builder-el-76  el_after_av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-l3jzbj6p-519a8e8340f7cc37b70917de77ce2db0 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3>Ergebnisbericht zum Fachworkshop Zwischenlagerung<br \/>\n22. &amp; 23. Oktober 2019 in Berlin<\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Am 22. und 23. Oktober 2019 fand in Berlin der erste Fachworkshop Zwischenlagerung der BGZ statt. Der Einladung zu dieser geplant zweij\u00e4hrlichen Veranstaltungsreihe folgten 101 Teilnehmer*innen aus Deutschland, sowie weitere G\u00e4ste aus dem Ausland. Der Teilnehmerkreis setzte sich aus Mitarbeiter*innen von Bundesministerien, Aufsichts- und Genehmigungsbeh\u00f6rden, Betreibern von Zwischenlagern, Energieversorgungsunternehmen, Universit\u00e4ten, au\u00dferuniversit\u00e4ren Forschungseinrichtungen sowie Vertreter*innen weiterer Verb\u00e4nde und B\u00fcrgerinitiativen zusammen.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Im Rahmen von zehn Fachvortr\u00e4gen wurden Forschungsthemen der verl\u00e4ngerten Zwischenlagerung dargestellt und fachlich diskutiert. Der Fachworkshop hatte das Ziel, offene Forschungsfragen zu identifizieren und zuk\u00fcnftige Aktionsfelder, die im Zusammenhang mit der Zwischenlagerung bestrahlter Brennelemente und w\u00e4rmeentwickelnder Abf\u00e4lle stehen, einzugrenzen und sie in die Belange der BGZ einzuordnen. Die vielschichtigen Aspekte der verl\u00e4ngerten Zwischenlagerung wurden im Nachgang bewertet und in die eigenen \u00dcberlegungen zum Forschungsprogramm der BGZ einbezogen.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l3bn47w3-8cd2cf30be600928dcec2b5367dd7498\">\n.av-layout-tab.av-l3bn47w3-8cd2cf30be600928dcec2b5367dd7498{\nvertical-align:top;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av-tab-section-1-2' class='av-layout-tab av-l3bn47w3-8cd2cf30be600928dcec2b5367dd7498 av-animation-delay-container  avia-builder-el-78  el_after_av_tab_sub_section  el_before_av_tab_sub_section  ' data-av-deeplink-tabs=\"\" data-av-tab-section-content=\"2\" data-tab-section-id=\"events\"><div class=\"av-layout-tab-inner\"><div class=\"container\"><p><div class='flex_column_table av-av_one_third-643624a44a7354514b3ed3bfede9928e sc-av_one_third av-equal-height-column-flextable'><div  class='flex_column av-av_one_third-643624a44a7354514b3ed3bfede9928e av_one_third  avia-builder-el-79  el_before_av_two_third  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_image-0242a9fee8a5ddb9fe0ec469bd3c9fbe\">\n.avia-image-container.av-av_image-0242a9fee8a5ddb9fe0ec469bd3c9fbe img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-av_image-0242a9fee8a5ddb9fe0ec469bd3c9fbe .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-av_image-0242a9fee8a5ddb9fe0ec469bd3c9fbe av-styling-no-styling avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-80  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-5090 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-5090 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/IMG_7631.jpg\" alt='' title='IMG_7631'  height=\"3456\" width=\"5184\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/IMG_7631.jpg 5184w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/IMG_7631-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/IMG_7631-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/IMG_7631-1030x687.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/IMG_7631-1500x1000.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/IMG_7631-705x470.jpg 705w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/IMG_7631-1320x880.jpg 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 5184px) 100vw, 5184px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-av_two_third-da865c51152b6d1628dafc24281212f9 av_two_third  avia-builder-el-81  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_hr  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-le2uk5eh-785ddad2c56606bccfff42ffe1df06c2 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><header class=\"entry-content-header\">\n<h3 class=\"post-title entry-title \">BGZ stellt Weichen f\u00fcr verl\u00e4ngerte Zwischenlagerung radioaktiver Abf\u00e4lle<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"entry-content\">\n<p>Ende Oktober 2019 er\u00f6rterten rund 100 Expert*innen aus Deutschland und der Schweiz auf Einladung der BGZ die wissenschaftlichen, technischen und genehmigungsrechtlichen Fragen, die mit einer verl\u00e4ngerten Aufbewahrung von hochradioaktiven Abf\u00e4llen einhergehen. Im Nachgang zum Fachworkshop wurden die vielschichtigen Aspekte der verl\u00e4ngerten Zwischenlagerung bewertet und in die eigenen \u00dcberlegungen zum Forschungsprogramm der BGZ einbezogen.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/2019\/10\/23\/bgz-stellt-weichen-fuer-verlaengerte-zwischenlagerung-radioaktiver-abfaelle\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Weiterlesen<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-le49f18e-a583e2a55f952121eddd88aede9109b5\">\n#top .hr.av-le49f18e-a583e2a55f952121eddd88aede9109b5{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:10px;\n}\n.hr.av-le49f18e-a583e2a55f952121eddd88aede9109b5 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100%;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-le49f18e-a583e2a55f952121eddd88aede9109b5 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-83  el_after_av_two_third  el_before_av_one_third  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-3luaf5t-b134f0b6ce7780f773a888e47ee6286f sc-av_one_third av-equal-height-column-flextable'><div  class='flex_column av-3luaf5t-b134f0b6ce7780f773a888e47ee6286f av_one_third  avia-builder-el-84  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_two_third  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l3bntfd1-b0acb396698c9890d37a82db578c0f17\">\n.avia-image-container.av-l3bntfd1-b0acb396698c9890d37a82db578c0f17 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-l3bntfd1-b0acb396698c9890d37a82db578c0f17 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-l3bntfd1-b0acb396698c9890d37a82db578c0f17 av-styling-no-styling avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-85  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-11804 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-11804 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Eroeffnung-Joern-Becker-1030x687-1.jpg\" alt='' title='Eroeffnung-Joern-Becker-1030x687'  height=\"687\" width=\"1030\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Eroeffnung-Joern-Becker-1030x687-1.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Eroeffnung-Joern-Becker-1030x687-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Eroeffnung-Joern-Becker-1030x687-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Eroeffnung-Joern-Becker-1030x687-1-705x470.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-2x0gco1-087eab1703909523647d7e7fb2e8f432 av_two_third  avia-builder-el-86  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_hr  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-l3bnu4dc-2fbdacebc0bee398c7c308358cc76290 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3>BGZ stellt Forschungsprogramm vor<\/h3>\n<p>Die BGZ hat im Rahmen ihres zweiten Fachworkshops ihr Forschungsprogramm zur verl\u00e4ngerten Zwischenlagerung vorgestellt und dieses mit zahlreichen nationalen und internationalen Expert*innen er\u00f6rtert. Am 16. und 17.11. diskutierten Expert*innen in Berlin auf Einladung der BGZ die wissenschaftlichen, technischen und genehmigungsrechtlichen Aspekte, die mit der notwendigen verl\u00e4ngerten Zwischenlagerung hochradioaktiver Abf\u00e4llen einhergehen.<\/p>\n<p>Wilhelm Graf freut sich als technischer Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer der BGZ \u00fcber die gute Resonanz: \u201eDurch unser Forschungsprogramm sind wir einen gro\u00dfen Schritt vorangekommen mit unseren Vorbereitungen auf die verl\u00e4ngerte Zwischenlagerung.\u201c Graf weiter: \u201eUnser Programm zeigt den Forschungsbedarf auf und gibt einen \u00dcberblick \u00fcber unsere Forschungsstrategie sowie die diesbez\u00fcglichen Aktivit\u00e4ten. Der Austausch dazu mit Expert*innen aus dem In- und Ausland wie bei unserem Fachworkshop ist f\u00fcr uns dabei elementar.\u201c Er machte auch deutlich, dass die BGZ das Forschungsprogramm laufend fortschreiben und an den sich weiterentwickelnden Stand von Wissenschaft und Technik anpassen werde.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/2021\/11\/17\/bgz-stellt-forschungsprogramm-vor\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Weiterlesen<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-35ilfxd-58c3c95fc1f2428e54286df244784f0e\">\n#top .hr.av-35ilfxd-58c3c95fc1f2428e54286df244784f0e{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:10px;\n}\n.hr.av-35ilfxd-58c3c95fc1f2428e54286df244784f0e .hr-inner{\nwidth:100%;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-35ilfxd-58c3c95fc1f2428e54286df244784f0e hr-custom  avia-builder-el-88  el_after_av_two_third  el_before_av_one_third  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-2ix4w3l-d1413557070e62556e3db9145048e2b4 sc-av_one_third av-equal-height-column-flextable'><div  class='flex_column av-2ix4w3l-d1413557070e62556e3db9145048e2b4 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-89  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_two_third  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l3jzmnsb-6fa55e0a28fa17512913c4a3b38786d3\">\n.avia-image-container.av-l3jzmnsb-6fa55e0a28fa17512913c4a3b38786d3 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-l3jzmnsb-6fa55e0a28fa17512913c4a3b38786d3 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-l3jzmnsb-6fa55e0a28fa17512913c4a3b38786d3 av-styling-no-styling avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-90  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-11806 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-11806 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/PM-BGZ-Studierendentag-1030x687-1.jpg\" alt='' title='PM-BGZ-Studierendentag-1030x687'  height=\"687\" width=\"1030\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/PM-BGZ-Studierendentag-1030x687-1.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/PM-BGZ-Studierendentag-1030x687-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/PM-BGZ-Studierendentag-1030x687-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/PM-BGZ-Studierendentag-1030x687-1-705x470.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-21duzdt-75d4398a9f4df74a28aa7a3fcf9e5891 av_two_third  avia-builder-el-91  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_hr  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-l3jzmflq-3cd9f599779ad3071c8ae8503b476531 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3>Erster BGZ-Studierendentag: Akademischer Nachwuchs diskutiert \u00fcber sichere Zwischenlagerung<\/h3>\n<p>Studierende aus Deutschland und der Schweiz haben sich erstmals auf Einladung der BGZ zum Austausch in Essen getroffen und er\u00f6rterten dort ihre Abschlussarbeiten zur Zwischenlagerung radioaktiver Abf\u00e4lle.<\/p>\n<p>\u201eWir bieten damit ein neues, in dieser Art noch nicht vorhandenes Forum zum Austausch untereinander und f\u00f6rdern damit auch den Kompetenzerhalt in unserer Branche\u201c, sagt Dr. Maik Stuke, Mitinitiator der Veranstaltung, aus der Abteilung Zentrale Fachfragen der BGZ. Das bundeseigene Unternehmen baut seine Aus- und Fortbildung kontinuierlich aus und f\u00fchrt diese mit ihrer eigenen Forschungsarbeit zusammen, um sicherzustellen, dass auch k\u00fcnftig qualifiziertes Fachpersonal und das wissenschaftliche Know-how vorhanden sind.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/2022\/05\/09\/bgz-studierendentag-akademischer-nachwuchs-diskutiert-ueber-zwischenlagerung\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Weiterlesen<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1sskam9-94ecb3dbb860de302ab50eeda9f16b79\">\n#top .hr.av-1sskam9-94ecb3dbb860de302ab50eeda9f16b79{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:10px;\n}\n.hr.av-1sskam9-94ecb3dbb860de302ab50eeda9f16b79 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100%;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-1sskam9-94ecb3dbb860de302ab50eeda9f16b79 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-93  el_after_av_two_third  el_before_av_one_third  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-zorj35-5070c31b4660f3868ee8a83229e427b2 sc-av_one_third av-equal-height-column-flextable'><div  class='flex_column av-zorj35-5070c31b4660f3868ee8a83229e427b2 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-94  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_two_third  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l3jzrgbp-64b60704d1502b87b5d1330d715435de\">\n.avia-image-container.av-l3jzrgbp-64b60704d1502b87b5d1330d715435de img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-l3jzrgbp-64b60704d1502b87b5d1330d715435de .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-l3jzrgbp-64b60704d1502b87b5d1330d715435de av-styling-no-styling avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-95  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-11808 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-11808 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/PM-Infoveranstaltung-BGZ-Forschungsprogramm-Ahaus_1-1030x687-1.jpg\" alt='' title='PM-Infoveranstaltung-BGZ-Forschungsprogramm-Ahaus_1-1030x687'  height=\"687\" width=\"1030\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/PM-Infoveranstaltung-BGZ-Forschungsprogramm-Ahaus_1-1030x687-1.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/PM-Infoveranstaltung-BGZ-Forschungsprogramm-Ahaus_1-1030x687-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/PM-Infoveranstaltung-BGZ-Forschungsprogramm-Ahaus_1-1030x687-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/PM-Infoveranstaltung-BGZ-Forschungsprogramm-Ahaus_1-1030x687-1-705x470.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-pgchy9-b8e0fac68c4b2fd3d6476ea9fa4e2fa9 av_two_third  avia-builder-el-96  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_hr  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-l3jzrxtd-61f45c821566efbe701ed1641eb13257 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3>BGZ stellt Forschungsprogramm in Ahaus vor<\/h3>\n<p>In einer Informationsveranstaltung f\u00fcr den Rat und die B\u00fcrger*innen der Stadt Ahaus hat die BGZ ihr Forschungsprogramm zur verl\u00e4ngerten Zwischenlagerung vorgestellt. Das bundeseigene Unternehmen informierte au\u00dferdem zu aktuellen Vorhaben am Standort.<\/p>\n<p>\u201eMit unserem Forschungsprogramm stellen wir die Weichen f\u00fcr eine verl\u00e4ngerte Zwischenlagerung an den 14 Standorten der BGZ mit Zwischenlagern f\u00fcr hochradioaktive Abf\u00e4lle\u201c, erkl\u00e4rte Dr. J\u00f6rn Becker, Leiter der f\u00fcr Forschung zust\u00e4ndigen Abteilung. Mit dem Programm habe die BGZ die Grundlage daf\u00fcr erarbeitet, die Sicherheit der Zwischenlagerung auch \u00fcber den bisher genehmigten Zeitraum von 40 Jahren nachzuweisen.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/2022\/05\/17\/bgz-stellt-forschungsprogramm-in-ahaus-vor\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Weiterlesen<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-le49fete-5106ad6f6aa9c753085e8abda2352fca\">\n#top .hr.av-le49fete-5106ad6f6aa9c753085e8abda2352fca{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:10px;\n}\n.hr.av-le49fete-5106ad6f6aa9c753085e8abda2352fca .hr-inner{\nwidth:100%;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-le49fete-5106ad6f6aa9c753085e8abda2352fca hr-custom  avia-builder-el-98  el_after_av_two_third  el_before_av_one_third  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-av_one_third-643624a44a7354514b3ed3bfede9928e sc-av_one_third av-equal-height-column-flextable'><div  class='flex_column av-av_one_third-643624a44a7354514b3ed3bfede9928e av_one_third  avia-builder-el-99  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_two_third  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_image-bb557e8d9f8ab55385a9fed58fb07dea\">\n.avia-image-container.av-av_image-bb557e8d9f8ab55385a9fed58fb07dea img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-av_image-bb557e8d9f8ab55385a9fed58fb07dea .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-av_image-bb557e8d9f8ab55385a9fed58fb07dea av-styling-no-styling avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-100  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-12121 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-12121 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/2022-07-01_BGZ-stellt-Forschungsprogramm-im-Ausschuss-Atomanlagen-vor-1030x847.jpg\" alt='' title='2022-07-01_BGZ stellt Forschungsprogramm im Ausschuss Atomanlagen vor'  height=\"847\" width=\"1030\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/2022-07-01_BGZ-stellt-Forschungsprogramm-im-Ausschuss-Atomanlagen-vor-1030x847.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/2022-07-01_BGZ-stellt-Forschungsprogramm-im-Ausschuss-Atomanlagen-vor-300x247.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/2022-07-01_BGZ-stellt-Forschungsprogramm-im-Ausschuss-Atomanlagen-vor-768x632.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/2022-07-01_BGZ-stellt-Forschungsprogramm-im-Ausschuss-Atomanlagen-vor-1536x1263.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/2022-07-01_BGZ-stellt-Forschungsprogramm-im-Ausschuss-Atomanlagen-vor-2048x1684.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/2022-07-01_BGZ-stellt-Forschungsprogramm-im-Ausschuss-Atomanlagen-vor-1500x1233.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/2022-07-01_BGZ-stellt-Forschungsprogramm-im-Ausschuss-Atomanlagen-vor-705x580.jpg 705w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/2022-07-01_BGZ-stellt-Forschungsprogramm-im-Ausschuss-Atomanlagen-vor-1320x1085.jpg 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-av_two_third-da865c51152b6d1628dafc24281212f9 av_two_third  avia-builder-el-101  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_hr  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-d3d5a2a601c86f4849e44ac595c023fb '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><header class=\"entry-content-header\">\n<h3 class=\"post-title entry-title \">BGZ stellt Forschungsprogramm im Ausschuss Atomanlagen vor<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p>W\u00e4hrend einer \u00f6ffentlichen Sitzung des Kreisausschusses Atomanlagen hat die BGZ ihr Forschungsprogramm zur verl\u00e4ngerten Zwischenlagerung vorgestellt. Das bundeseigene Unternehmen informierte au\u00dferdem \u00fcber den Stand der vorgesehenen Nachr\u00fcstung des Zwischenlagers.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/2022\/07\/01\/bgz-stellt-forschungsprogramm-im-ausschuss-atomanlagen-vor\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Weiterlesen<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-le494o3t-b979b5b5deab0dcad973838004671a52\">\n#top .hr.av-le494o3t-b979b5b5deab0dcad973838004671a52{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:10px;\n}\n.hr.av-le494o3t-b979b5b5deab0dcad973838004671a52 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100%;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-le494o3t-b979b5b5deab0dcad973838004671a52 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-103  el_after_av_two_third  el_before_av_one_third  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-av_one_third-643624a44a7354514b3ed3bfede9928e sc-av_one_third av-equal-height-column-flextable'><div  class='flex_column av-av_one_third-643624a44a7354514b3ed3bfede9928e av_one_third  avia-builder-el-104  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_two_third  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_image-8bc1080b260d80aef4c68beaf9d96602\">\n.avia-image-container.av-av_image-8bc1080b260d80aef4c68beaf9d96602 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-av_image-8bc1080b260d80aef4c68beaf9d96602 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-av_image-8bc1080b260d80aef4c68beaf9d96602 av-styling-no-styling avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-105  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-12743 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-12743 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Kruemmel-BGZ-praesentiert-Forschungsprogramm-in-Geesthacht-1030x688.jpg\" alt='' title='Kr\u00fcmmel - BGZ pr\u00e4sentiert Forschungsprogramm in Geesthacht'  height=\"688\" width=\"1030\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Kruemmel-BGZ-praesentiert-Forschungsprogramm-in-Geesthacht-1030x688.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Kruemmel-BGZ-praesentiert-Forschungsprogramm-in-Geesthacht-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Kruemmel-BGZ-praesentiert-Forschungsprogramm-in-Geesthacht-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Kruemmel-BGZ-praesentiert-Forschungsprogramm-in-Geesthacht-1536x1026.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Kruemmel-BGZ-praesentiert-Forschungsprogramm-in-Geesthacht-2048x1368.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Kruemmel-BGZ-praesentiert-Forschungsprogramm-in-Geesthacht-1500x1002.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Kruemmel-BGZ-praesentiert-Forschungsprogramm-in-Geesthacht-705x471.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-av_two_third-da865c51152b6d1628dafc24281212f9 av_two_third  avia-builder-el-106  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_hr  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-d3d5a2a601c86f4849e44ac595c023fb '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><header class=\"entry-content-header\">\n<h3 class=\"post-title entry-title \">BGZ pr\u00e4sentiert Forschungsprogramm in Geesthacht<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p>Die BGZ informierte gestern B\u00fcrgerinnen und B\u00fcrger im Ratssaal der Stadt Geesthacht \u00fcber die notwendige verl\u00e4ngerte Zwischenlagerung hochradioaktiver Abf\u00e4lle. Auf diese Aufgabe bereitet sich das bundeseigene Unternehmen mit einem eigenen Forschungsprogramm vor, das an dem Abend vorgestellt wurde.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/2022\/09\/01\/bgz-praesentiert-forschungsprogramm-in-geesthacht\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Weiterlesen<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-le4953zr-2fd8b427bf53912de8a97937fdbd32d0\">\n#top .hr.av-le4953zr-2fd8b427bf53912de8a97937fdbd32d0{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:10px;\n}\n.hr.av-le4953zr-2fd8b427bf53912de8a97937fdbd32d0 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100%;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-le4953zr-2fd8b427bf53912de8a97937fdbd32d0 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-108  el_after_av_two_third  el_before_av_one_third  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-av_one_third-643624a44a7354514b3ed3bfede9928e sc-av_one_third av-equal-height-column-flextable'><div  class='flex_column av-av_one_third-643624a44a7354514b3ed3bfede9928e av_one_third  avia-builder-el-109  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_two_third  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_image-c293d01a7228031e5183df1595163319\">\n.avia-image-container.av-av_image-c293d01a7228031e5183df1595163319 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-av_image-c293d01a7228031e5183df1595163319 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-av_image-c293d01a7228031e5183df1595163319 av-styling-no-styling avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-110  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-12781 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-12781 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/033_BGZ-Forum-1030x688.jpg\" alt='' title='033_BGZ Forum'  height=\"688\" width=\"1030\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/033_BGZ-Forum-1030x688.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/033_BGZ-Forum-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/033_BGZ-Forum-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/033_BGZ-Forum-1536x1026.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/033_BGZ-Forum-2048x1368.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/033_BGZ-Forum-1500x1002.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/033_BGZ-Forum-705x471.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-av_two_third-da865c51152b6d1628dafc24281212f9 av_two_third  avia-builder-el-111  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_hr  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-d3d5a2a601c86f4849e44ac595c023fb '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><header class=\"entry-content-header\">\n<h3 class=\"post-title entry-title \">Forum Zwischenlagerung: Reger Austausch \u00fcber verl\u00e4ngerte Zwischenlagerung<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p>Auf Einladung der BGZ haben Expert*innen beim \u201eForum Zwischenlagerung\u201c \u00fcber die notwendige verl\u00e4ngerte Zwischenlagerung diskutiert und die Fragen des Publikums, das vor Ort und per Livestream teilnahm, beantwortet.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/2022\/09\/13\/forum-zwischenlagerung-reger-austausch-ueber-verlangerte-zwischenlagerung\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Weiterlesen<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-le495gj6-908ca3521d457b97dc795dc10c0252c1\">\n#top .hr.av-le495gj6-908ca3521d457b97dc795dc10c0252c1{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:10px;\n}\n.hr.av-le495gj6-908ca3521d457b97dc795dc10c0252c1 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100%;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-le495gj6-908ca3521d457b97dc795dc10c0252c1 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-113  el_after_av_two_third  el_before_av_one_third  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-av_one_third-643624a44a7354514b3ed3bfede9928e sc-av_one_third av-equal-height-column-flextable'><div  class='flex_column av-av_one_third-643624a44a7354514b3ed3bfede9928e av_one_third  avia-builder-el-114  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_two_third  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_image-9c3ceca5959d3a6333e0d0dda84f320c\">\n.avia-image-container.av-av_image-9c3ceca5959d3a6333e0d0dda84f320c img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-av_image-9c3ceca5959d3a6333e0d0dda84f320c .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-av_image-9c3ceca5959d3a6333e0d0dda84f320c av-styling-no-styling avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-115  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-12806 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-12806 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/PM-BGZ-informiert-NBG-in-Ahaus2-1030x773.jpeg\" alt='' title='PM BGZ informiert NBG in Ahaus2'  height=\"773\" width=\"1030\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/PM-BGZ-informiert-NBG-in-Ahaus2-1030x773.jpeg 1030w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/PM-BGZ-informiert-NBG-in-Ahaus2-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/PM-BGZ-informiert-NBG-in-Ahaus2-768x576.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/PM-BGZ-informiert-NBG-in-Ahaus2-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/PM-BGZ-informiert-NBG-in-Ahaus2-2048x1536.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/PM-BGZ-informiert-NBG-in-Ahaus2-1500x1125.jpeg 1500w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/PM-BGZ-informiert-NBG-in-Ahaus2-705x529.jpeg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-av_two_third-da865c51152b6d1628dafc24281212f9 av_two_third  avia-builder-el-116  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_hr  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-d3d5a2a601c86f4849e44ac595c023fb '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><header class=\"entry-content-header\">\n<h3 class=\"post-title entry-title \">BGZ informiert Nationales Begleitgremium \u00fcber sichere Zwischenlagerung<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p>Die BGZ hat bei einer Veranstaltung des Nationalen Begleitgremiums (NBG) in Ahaus ihre Aufgaben, die Vorbereitungen auf die notwendige verl\u00e4ngerte Zwischenlagerung sowie ihre Kommunikation mit der Bev\u00f6lkerung erl\u00e4utert. Die Mitglieder des NBG informierten sich bei einem Besuch des Zwischenlagers zudem \u00fcber das Konzept der sicheren Zwischenlagerung.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/2022\/09\/14\/bgz-informiert-nbg-ueber-sichere-zwischenlagerung\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Weiterlesen<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-le495rxg-09232f64896874ab8769fb9e4c270ae3\">\n#top .hr.av-le495rxg-09232f64896874ab8769fb9e4c270ae3{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:10px;\n}\n.hr.av-le495rxg-09232f64896874ab8769fb9e4c270ae3 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100%;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-le495rxg-09232f64896874ab8769fb9e4c270ae3 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-118  el_after_av_two_third  el_before_av_one_third  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-av_one_third-643624a44a7354514b3ed3bfede9928e sc-av_one_third av-equal-height-column-flextable'><div  class='flex_column av-av_one_third-643624a44a7354514b3ed3bfede9928e av_one_third  avia-builder-el-119  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_two_third  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_image-2b5d1d2c3dc22e3d735ec7422fe8f87f\">\n.avia-image-container.av-av_image-2b5d1d2c3dc22e3d735ec7422fe8f87f img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-av_image-2b5d1d2c3dc22e3d735ec7422fe8f87f .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-av_image-2b5d1d2c3dc22e3d735ec7422fe8f87f av-styling-no-styling avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-120  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-12883 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-12883 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/BGZ_Brokdorf_3516_380_low-1030x687.jpg\" alt='' title='BGZ_Brokdorf_3516_380_low'  height=\"687\" width=\"1030\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/BGZ_Brokdorf_3516_380_low-1030x687.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/BGZ_Brokdorf_3516_380_low-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/BGZ_Brokdorf_3516_380_low-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/BGZ_Brokdorf_3516_380_low-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/BGZ_Brokdorf_3516_380_low-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/BGZ_Brokdorf_3516_380_low-1500x1000.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/BGZ_Brokdorf_3516_380_low-705x470.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-av_two_third-da865c51152b6d1628dafc24281212f9 av_two_third  avia-builder-el-121  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_hr  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-d3d5a2a601c86f4849e44ac595c023fb '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><header class=\"entry-content-header\">\n<h3 class=\"post-title entry-title \">Verl\u00e4ngerte Zwischenlagerung: BGZ stellt Forschungsprogramm in Brokdorf vor<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p>Die BGZ informiert interessierte B\u00fcrgerinnen und B\u00fcrger im Rahmen eines \u00f6ffentlichen Dialogabends in Brokdorf \u00fcber ihre Vorbereitungen f\u00fcr die erforderliche verl\u00e4ngerte Zwischenlagerung hochradioaktiver Abf\u00e4lle. Dazu m\u00f6chte sie als Betreiberin des Zwischenlagers Brokdorf mit der \u00d6ffentlichkeit ins Gespr\u00e4ch kommen.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/2022\/09\/28\/verlaengerte-zwischenlagerung-bgz-stellt-forschungsprogramm-in-brokdorf-vor\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Weiterlesen<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-le496k0t-abc2c117ad706e240d8821cba101b093\">\n#top .hr.av-le496k0t-abc2c117ad706e240d8821cba101b093{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:10px;\n}\n.hr.av-le496k0t-abc2c117ad706e240d8821cba101b093 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100%;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-le496k0t-abc2c117ad706e240d8821cba101b093 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-123  el_after_av_two_third  el_before_av_one_third  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-av_one_third-643624a44a7354514b3ed3bfede9928e sc-av_one_third av-equal-height-column-flextable'><div  class='flex_column av-av_one_third-643624a44a7354514b3ed3bfede9928e av_one_third  avia-builder-el-124  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_two_third  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_image-4b88e2710db21921c6d86a54d070f59b\">\n.avia-image-container.av-av_image-4b88e2710db21921c6d86a54d070f59b img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-av_image-4b88e2710db21921c6d86a54d070f59b .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-av_image-4b88e2710db21921c6d86a54d070f59b av-styling-no-styling avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-125  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-13416 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-13416 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/020_BGZ_Dialog-in-Schwebheim-1030x687.jpg\" alt='' title='020_BGZ_Dialog in Schwebheim'  height=\"687\" width=\"1030\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/020_BGZ_Dialog-in-Schwebheim-1030x687.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/020_BGZ_Dialog-in-Schwebheim-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/020_BGZ_Dialog-in-Schwebheim-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/020_BGZ_Dialog-in-Schwebheim-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/020_BGZ_Dialog-in-Schwebheim-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/020_BGZ_Dialog-in-Schwebheim-1500x1000.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/020_BGZ_Dialog-in-Schwebheim-705x470.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-av_two_third-da865c51152b6d1628dafc24281212f9 av_two_third  avia-builder-el-126  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_hr  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-d3d5a2a601c86f4849e44ac595c023fb '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><header class=\"entry-content-header\">\n<h3 class=\"post-title entry-title \">Zwischenlagerung radioaktiver Abf\u00e4lle: BGZ stellt Mainbogen-Gemeinden Forschungsprogramm vor<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p>Die BGZ hat Vertreter*innen der sechs Gemeinden, die zur Allianz Schweinfurter Mainbogen geh\u00f6ren, ihr Forschungsprogramm zur verl\u00e4ngerten Zwischenlagerung vorgestellt. Das bundeseigene Unternehmen informierte au\u00dferdem \u00fcber umfangreiche Investitionen am Standort Grafenrheinfeld.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/2022\/12\/09\/bgz-stellt-mainbogen-gemeinden-forschungsprogramm-vor\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Weiterlesen<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-le496wm8-87bbfe1e7d628097dfbb2b5e37a25b91\">\n#top .hr.av-le496wm8-87bbfe1e7d628097dfbb2b5e37a25b91{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:10px;\n}\n.hr.av-le496wm8-87bbfe1e7d628097dfbb2b5e37a25b91 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100%;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-le496wm8-87bbfe1e7d628097dfbb2b5e37a25b91 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-128  el_after_av_two_third  el_before_av_one_third  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-av_one_third-643624a44a7354514b3ed3bfede9928e sc-av_one_third av-equal-height-column-flextable'><div  class='flex_column av-av_one_third-643624a44a7354514b3ed3bfede9928e av_one_third  avia-builder-el-129  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_two_third  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_image-38fc46ee295551aedfd54defd14704c5\">\n.avia-image-container.av-av_image-38fc46ee295551aedfd54defd14704c5 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-av_image-38fc46ee295551aedfd54defd14704c5 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-av_image-38fc46ee295551aedfd54defd14704c5 av-styling-no-styling avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-130  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-13777 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-13777 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/BGZ-Kreistag-Landshut-1030x687.jpg\" alt='Die BGZ informiert die Mitglieder des Kreistags Landshut \u00fcber die sicherer Zwischenlagerung.' title='BGZ Kreistag Landshut'  height=\"687\" width=\"1030\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/BGZ-Kreistag-Landshut-1030x687.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/BGZ-Kreistag-Landshut-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/BGZ-Kreistag-Landshut-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/BGZ-Kreistag-Landshut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/BGZ-Kreistag-Landshut-2048x1367.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/BGZ-Kreistag-Landshut-1500x1001.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/BGZ-Kreistag-Landshut-705x470.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-av_two_third-da865c51152b6d1628dafc24281212f9 av_two_third  avia-builder-el-131  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_hr  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-d3d5a2a601c86f4849e44ac595c023fb '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><header class=\"entry-content-header\">\n<h3 class=\"post-title entry-title \">BGZ informiert Kreistag Landshut: Sichere Zwischenlagerung auch bei l\u00e4ngerer Endlagersuche gew\u00e4hrleistet<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p>Wie die BGZ die sichere Aufbewahrung der Beh\u00e4lter mit hochradioaktiven Abf\u00e4llen bis zu deren Abgabe an ein Endlager gew\u00e4hrleistet, erl\u00e4uterte das bundeseigene Unternehmen j\u00fcngst dem Landshuter Kreistag.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/2023\/01\/27\/bgz-informiert-kreistag-landshut\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Weiterlesen<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-le497c4o-4f600203d71344282937bf5e5af32ea0\">\n#top .hr.av-le497c4o-4f600203d71344282937bf5e5af32ea0{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:10px;\n}\n.hr.av-le497c4o-4f600203d71344282937bf5e5af32ea0 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100%;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-le497c4o-4f600203d71344282937bf5e5af32ea0 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-133  el_after_av_two_third  el_before_av_one_third  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-thin'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-42tqlfl-ba3b94aaec0cfe76098273ce0628535d sc-av_one_third av-equal-height-column-flextable'><div  class='flex_column av-42tqlfl-ba3b94aaec0cfe76098273ce0628535d av_one_third  avia-builder-el-134  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_two_third  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l3bnr7o9-32464d46b95e855ee9063b66ab655b04\">\n.avia-image-container.av-l3bnr7o9-32464d46b95e855ee9063b66ab655b04 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-l3bnr7o9-32464d46b95e855ee9063b66ab655b04 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-l3bnr7o9-32464d46b95e855ee9063b66ab655b04 av-styling-no-styling avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-135  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-13806 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-13806 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/VA-BI-Gorleben-6_zuschnitt2-1030x580.jpg\" alt='' title='VA BI Gorleben 6_zuschnitt2'  height=\"580\" width=\"1030\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/VA-BI-Gorleben-6_zuschnitt2-1030x580.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/VA-BI-Gorleben-6_zuschnitt2-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/VA-BI-Gorleben-6_zuschnitt2-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/VA-BI-Gorleben-6_zuschnitt2-1536x865.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/VA-BI-Gorleben-6_zuschnitt2-2048x1153.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/VA-BI-Gorleben-6_zuschnitt2-1500x844.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/VA-BI-Gorleben-6_zuschnitt2-705x397.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-av_two_third-da865c51152b6d1628dafc24281212f9 av_two_third  avia-builder-el-136  el_after_av_one_third  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-d3d5a2a601c86f4849e44ac595c023fb '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><header class=\"entry-content-header\">\n<h3 class=\"post-title entry-title \">BGZ informiert in Dannenberg: Sichere Zwischenlagerung auch bei l\u00e4ngerer Endlagersuche gew\u00e4hrleistet<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<p>Wie die BGZ die sichere Aufbewahrung von hochradioaktiven Abf\u00e4llen bis zu deren Abgabe an ein Endlager gew\u00e4hrleistet, erl\u00e4uterte das bundeseigene Unternehmen j\u00fcngst bei einer Informationsveranstaltung der B\u00fcrgerinitiative L\u00fcchow Dannenberg.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/2023\/02\/06\/bgz-informiert-in-dannenberg-ueber-verlangerte-zwischenlagerung\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Weiterlesen<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 --><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l3bn5rqt-08f6e836ce84405f66a187c90843b7da\">\n.av-layout-tab.av-l3bn5rqt-08f6e836ce84405f66a187c90843b7da{\nvertical-align:top;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av-tab-section-1-3' class='av-layout-tab av-l3bn5rqt-08f6e836ce84405f66a187c90843b7da av-animation-delay-container  avia-builder-el-138  el_after_av_tab_sub_section  avia-builder-el-last  ' data-av-deeplink-tabs=\"\" data-av-tab-section-content=\"3\" data-tab-section-id=\"forum-q-a\"><div class=\"av-layout-tab-inner\"><div class=\"container\"><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1js0wrl-0631cc789be2a9e90be0971b5c83248b\">\n#top .flex_column.av-1js0wrl-0631cc789be2a9e90be0971b5c83248b{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-1js0wrl-0631cc789be2a9e90be0971b5c83248b{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-1js0wrl-0631cc789be2a9e90be0971b5c83248b{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1js0wrl-0631cc789be2a9e90be0971b5c83248b av_one_third  avia-builder-el-139  el_before_av_one_third  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1cdlfk1-4fbb3a423fe89aa202b5a22c638274d7\">\n#top .flex_column.av-1cdlfk1-4fbb3a423fe89aa202b5a22c638274d7{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-1cdlfk1-4fbb3a423fe89aa202b5a22c638274d7{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-1cdlfk1-4fbb3a423fe89aa202b5a22c638274d7{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1cdlfk1-4fbb3a423fe89aa202b5a22c638274d7 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-140  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_one_third  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l3bnbgn6-2997c7bf2200a8a400e8b4031ff6a59f\">\n.avia-image-container.av-l3bnbgn6-2997c7bf2200a8a400e8b4031ff6a59f img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-l3bnbgn6-2997c7bf2200a8a400e8b4031ff6a59f .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-l3bnbgn6-2997c7bf2200a8a400e8b4031ff6a59f av-styling-no-styling av-hover-grow av-img-linked avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-141  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/forum-zwischenlagerung.bgz.de\/archiv\/\" class='avia_image '  aria-label='ask-your-question'><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-13887 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-13887 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ask-your-question.jpg\" alt='' title='ask-your-question'  height=\"591\" width=\"800\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ask-your-question.jpg 800w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ask-your-question-300x222.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ask-your-question-768x567.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ask-your-question-705x521.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-wt88zl-6235bb620497858e5638f5febf3f86da\">\n#top .flex_column.av-wt88zl-6235bb620497858e5638f5febf3f86da{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-wt88zl-6235bb620497858e5638f5febf3f86da{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-wt88zl-6235bb620497858e5638f5febf3f86da{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-wt88zl-6235bb620497858e5638f5febf3f86da av_one_third  avia-builder-el-142  el_after_av_one_third  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><\/div><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2t1obi6-41d37955502287edd13621a8aca5e193\">\n.avia-section.av-l2t1obi6-41d37955502287edd13621a8aca5e193{\nbackground-color:#0d57a0;\nbackground-image:unset;\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='researchactivities'  class='avia-section av-l2t1obi6-41d37955502287edd13621a8aca5e193 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-143  el_after_av_tab_section  el_before_av_slideshow_full  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-13120'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2t1o0ab-bc350e068e3deadf9df0d19202afcd39\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-l2t1o0ab-bc350e068e3deadf9df0d19202afcd39 .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2t1o0ab-bc350e068e3deadf9df0d19202afcd39 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3>Research activities<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='full_slider_5'  class='avia-fullwidth-slider main_color avia-shadow   avia-builder-el-145  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_textblock   slider-not-first container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div  class='avia-slideshow av-l2t42twa-223565d020646ff5d00a97f468b9d313 avia-slideshow-no scaling av_slideshow_full avia-slide-slider av-slideshow-ui av-control-hidden av-no-slider-navigation av-hide-nav-arrows av-slideshow-autoplay av-loop-endless av-loop-manual-endless av-default-height-applied   avia-slideshow-5' data-slideshow-options=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:true,&quot;loop_autoplay&quot;:&quot;endless&quot;,&quot;interval&quot;:4,&quot;loop_manual&quot;:&quot;manual-endless&quot;,&quot;autoplay_stopper&quot;:false,&quot;noNavigation&quot;:true,&quot;bg_slider&quot;:false,&quot;keep_padding&quot;:false,&quot;hoverpause&quot;:false,&quot;show_slide_delay&quot;:0}\"  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><ul class='avia-slideshow-inner ' style='padding-bottom: 28.666666666667%;'><li  class='avia-slideshow-slide av-l2t42twa-223565d020646ff5d00a97f468b9d313__0  av-single-slide slide-1 slide-odd'><div data-rel='slideshow-5' class='avia-slide-wrap '   ><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class=\"wp-image-11488 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-11488\"  src=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Header-Forschungsaktivitaeten.jpg\" width=\"1500\" height=\"430\" title='Header-Forschungsaktivitaeten' alt=''  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Header-Forschungsaktivitaeten.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Header-Forschungsaktivitaeten-300x86.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Header-Forschungsaktivitaeten-1030x295.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Header-Forschungsaktivitaeten-768x220.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Header-Forschungsaktivitaeten-705x202.jpg 705w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Header-Forschungsaktivitaeten-1320x378.jpg 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><div id='after_full_slider_5'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-13120'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2t356sl-1a35f0213371184c5658c2c7ce24e5e9 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3>Casks:<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  id=\"topcask\"  class='avia-buttonrow-wrap av-la2pyfdx-c1c0cb856f3514f69ec4531728911ad9 avia-buttonrow-left  avia-builder-el-147  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_section  avia-builder-el-last '>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_buttonrow_item-7214a7f7b338ed3ed520294c59496405\">\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-7214a7f7b338ed3ed520294c59496405{\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\ncolor:#0d57a0;\nborder-style:solid;\nborder-width:0 0 0 7px;\nborder-radius:0 0 1px 1px;\nbox-shadow:none;\ntransition:all 0.4s ease-in-out;\nmargin-bottom:15px;\nmargin-right:15px;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-7214a7f7b338ed3ed520294c59496405:hover{\nbackground-color:white;\ncolor:#0d57a0;\ntransition:all 0.4s ease-in-out;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-7214a7f7b338ed3ed520294c59496405:hover .avia_button_background{\nborder-radius:0 0 1px 1px;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-7214a7f7b338ed3ed520294c59496405 .avia-svg-icon svg:first-child{\nfill:#0d57a0;\nstroke:#0d57a0;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-7214a7f7b338ed3ed520294c59496405:hover .avia-svg-icon svg:first-child{\nfill:#0d57a0;\nstroke:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<a href='#mstor'  class='avia-button av-av_buttonrow_item-7214a7f7b338ed3ed520294c59496405 avia-icon_select-no avia-size-small'   aria-label=\"MSTOR\"><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >MSTOR<\/span><\/a>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_buttonrow_item-dcbffd00a615bcc5606a270ddd545efa\">\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-dcbffd00a615bcc5606a270ddd545efa{\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\ncolor:#0d57a0;\nborder-style:solid;\nborder-width:0 0 0 7px;\nborder-radius:0 1px 1px 0;\ntransition:all 0.4s ease-in-out;\nmargin-bottom:15px;\nmargin-right:15px;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-dcbffd00a615bcc5606a270ddd545efa:hover{\nbackground-color:white;\ncolor:#0d57a0;\ntransition:all 0.4s ease-in-out;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-dcbffd00a615bcc5606a270ddd545efa:hover .avia_button_background{\nborder-radius:0 1px 1px 0;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-dcbffd00a615bcc5606a270ddd545efa .avia-svg-icon svg:first-child{\nfill:#0d57a0;\nstroke:#0d57a0;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-dcbffd00a615bcc5606a270ddd545efa:hover .avia-svg-icon svg:first-child{\nfill:#0d57a0;\nstroke:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<a href='#observe'  class='avia-button av-av_buttonrow_item-dcbffd00a615bcc5606a270ddd545efa avia-icon_select-no avia-size-small'   aria-label=\"OBSERVE\"><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >OBSERVE<\/span><\/a>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_buttonrow_item-5fd6ac28f725cbb8a6a30c8427b03f32\">\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-5fd6ac28f725cbb8a6a30c8427b03f32{\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\ncolor:#0d57a0;\nborder-style:solid;\nborder-width:0 0 0 7px;\nborder-radius:0 1px 1px 0;\ntransition:all 0.4s ease-in-out;\nmargin-bottom:15px;\nmargin-right:15px;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-5fd6ac28f725cbb8a6a30c8427b03f32:hover{\nbackground-color:white;\ncolor:#0d57a0;\ntransition:all 0.4s ease-in-out;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-5fd6ac28f725cbb8a6a30c8427b03f32:hover .avia_button_background{\nborder-radius:0 1px 1px 0;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-5fd6ac28f725cbb8a6a30c8427b03f32 .avia-svg-icon svg:first-child{\nfill:#0d57a0;\nstroke:#0d57a0;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-5fd6ac28f725cbb8a6a30c8427b03f32:hover .avia-svg-icon svg:first-child{\nfill:#0d57a0;\nstroke:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<a href='#dpopt'  class='avia-button av-av_buttonrow_item-5fd6ac28f725cbb8a6a30c8427b03f32 avia-icon_select-no avia-size-small'   aria-label=\"DPOPT\"><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >DPOPT<\/span><\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ded5zpd-b48c7162d924f0a24990832d05459cac\">\n.avia-section.av-ded5zpd-b48c7162d924f0a24990832d05459cac{\nbackground-color:rgba(199,210,217,0.43);\nbackground-image:unset;\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='mstor'  class='avia-section av-ded5zpd-b48c7162d924f0a24990832d05459cac main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-148  el_after_av_buttonrow  el_before_av_tab_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-13120'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2t44ubh-c148f93676a9cda1bf10afcb4b134a41\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-l2t44ubh-c148f93676a9cda1bf10afcb4b134a41{\npadding-bottom:30px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-l2t44ubh-c148f93676a9cda1bf10afcb4b134a41 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-l2t44ubh-c148f93676a9cda1bf10afcb4b134a41 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-l2t44ubh-c148f93676a9cda1bf10afcb4b134a41 av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-149  el_before_av_codeblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  ><b>MSTOR \u2013 Long-term behaviour of metal seals<\/b><\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l5mbfhzj-1b88474f4142a17d61983dfaf8071830 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"#mstorauf\">More information<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"#mstorzu\">Less information<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='reiterforschung'  class='av-tab-section-container entry-content-wrapper main_color av-tab-no-transition av-tab-content-auto  av-tab-above-content  avia-builder-el-152  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  reiterforschung tab-section-not-first container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='av-tab-section-outer-container av-l3a9hux0-7dbfae55302c46e8bd2ff3bee843f138'><div class='av-tab-section-tab-title-container avia-tab-title-padding-none' role='tablist'><a href='#1' data-av-tab-section-title='1' class='av-section-tab-title  av-l3a9kmx0-5815361324ec36783b11c6f2ceab775e av-tab-no-icon av-tab-no-image ' role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='av-tab-section-2-1'><span class='av-outer-tab-title'><span class='av-inner-tab-title'>1<\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-tab-arrow-container\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/a><a href='#2' data-av-tab-section-title='2' class='av-section-tab-title av-active-tab-title no-scroll av-l3a9kd3n-f93050bd67a65e61063df45c2922a93d av-tab-no-icon av-tab-no-image ' role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='av-tab-section-2-2'><span class='av-outer-tab-title'><span class='av-inner-tab-title'>2<\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-tab-arrow-container\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div><div class='av-tab-section-inner-container avia-section-no-padding' style='width:200vw; left:-100%;'><span class=\"av_prev_tab_section av_tab_navigation\"><\/span><span class=\"av_next_tab_section av_tab_navigation\"><\/span>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l3a9kmx0-5815361324ec36783b11c6f2ceab775e\">\n.av-layout-tab.av-l3a9kmx0-5815361324ec36783b11c6f2ceab775e{\nvertical-align:top;\nbackground-color:rgba(199,210,217,0.43);\n}\n#top .av-tab-section-outer-container.av-l3a9hux0-7dbfae55302c46e8bd2ff3bee843f138 .av-active-tab-title.av-section-tab-title.av-l3a9kmx0-5815361324ec36783b11c6f2ceab775e .av-tab-arrow-container span{\nbackground-color:rgba(199,210,217,0.43);\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av-tab-section-2-1' class='av-layout-tab av-l3a9kmx0-5815361324ec36783b11c6f2ceab775e av-animation-delay-container  avia-builder-el-153  el_before_av_tab_sub_section  avia-builder-el-first  ' data-av-deeplink-tabs=\"mstorauf\" data-av-tab-section-content=\"1\" data-tab-section-id=\"1\"><div class=\"av-layout-tab-inner\"><div class=\"container\"><section  class='av_textblock_section av-gs0k65d-cb0e09138c4f4f82408ea4267e706bda '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><blockquote>\n<p>Safe confinement of radioactive materials during storage is ensured by the double-lid sealing system with compressed metal seals.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Only Helicoflex<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> metal seals made by the French manufacturer Technetics are used in the sealing barrier. Helicoflex<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> type seals consist of a helical spring core and a stainless steel jacket covered by an outer liner made of aluminium or silver. The functioning of the seals is based on the elasticity of the helical spring (see Figure 3) that, when compressed, generates the restoring force that is necessary to maintain contact between the outer liner and the sealing surfaces. The plasticity of the outer liner also ensures that the surface of the seal is optimally adapted to the structure of the sealing surface. During compression, the liner material fills the flange imperfections in order to achieve a high degree of tightness with standard He leakage rates of less than 10<sup>-8<\/sup> Pa* m3\/s (see Figure 3). The stipulated standard He leakage rate of 10<sup>-8<\/sup>\u00a0Pa* m3\/s is therefore also a system-specific quality criterion for required long-term functionality and is not a radiologically based tightness requirement, as this could also be met at higher leakage rates.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  class='flex_column av-g9lwpup-4ac5a982e5eddcbaa326e08ed33dbd4c av_one_half  avia-builder-el-155  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-fs5ju01-fc10a7e5bb98dc38e86756f67144327a\">\n.avia-image-container.av-fs5ju01-fc10a7e5bb98dc38e86756f67144327a img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-fs5ju01-fc10a7e5bb98dc38e86756f67144327a .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-fs5ju01-fc10a7e5bb98dc38e86756f67144327a av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-156  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-13221 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-13221 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_19_Abb18-1.png\" alt='' title='221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_19_Abb18'  height=\"675\" width=\"1307\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_19_Abb18-1.png 1307w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_19_Abb18-1-300x155.png 300w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_19_Abb18-1-1030x532.png 1030w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_19_Abb18-1-768x397.png 768w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_19_Abb18-1-705x364.png 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1307px) 100vw, 1307px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-fggbni9-4f118997694bfcc2a7120036d5fb04be av_one_half  avia-builder-el-157  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_hr  flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-erlapsx-cc9e5d7b3073ef0ad2ad047e761f6a56\">\n#top .hr.av-erlapsx-cc9e5d7b3073ef0ad2ad047e761f6a56{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n.hr.av-erlapsx-cc9e5d7b3073ef0ad2ad047e761f6a56 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100px;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-erlapsx-cc9e5d7b3073ef0ad2ad047e761f6a56 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-158  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-fat'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ecjsz41-7783aa77366470737f654685277bc90a\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-ecjsz41-7783aa77366470737f654685277bc90a .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ecjsz41-7783aa77366470737f654685277bc90a '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>Figure 3:<br \/>\nFunctionality of Helicoflex<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> metal seals<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1ezymxt-29b1e9042923ce0e6792eba12b9ccb18\">\n#top .hr.av-1ezymxt-29b1e9042923ce0e6792eba12b9ccb18{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n.hr.av-1ezymxt-29b1e9042923ce0e6792eba12b9ccb18 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100px;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-1ezymxt-29b1e9042923ce0e6792eba12b9ccb18 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-160  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-fat'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/p><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-t70qzl-54a93cb29f239ef40212068872ed5a14\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-t70qzl-54a93cb29f239ef40212068872ed5a14{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-t70qzl-54a93cb29f239ef40212068872ed5a14 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-161  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-d3rla3l-572fbbd7bb30eb28b4baabe252463499\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-d3rla3l-572fbbd7bb30eb28b4baabe252463499 .avia_textblock{\ncolumn-count:2;\ncolumn-gap:6%;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){ \n#top .av_textblock_section.av-d3rla3l-572fbbd7bb30eb28b4baabe252463499 .avia_textblock{\ncolumn-count:1;\n}\n.av_textblock_section.av-d3rla3l-572fbbd7bb30eb28b4baabe252463499 .avia_textblock.av_multi_colums > p:first-child{\nmargin-top:0.85em;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-d3rla3l-572fbbd7bb30eb28b4baabe252463499 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_multi_colums'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>During initial compression of the metal seal, a force-deformation curve is obtained as shown in Figure 4. At deformation e<sub>0<\/sub>, the required tightness is achieved for the first time, but only at deformation e<sub>2<\/sub> is the seal at its operating point. The seal is compressed to the operating point thanks to the depth of the groove in which the seal is inserted in the lid, as the difference between the groove depth and the torus diameter of the seal corresponds exactly to the optimum compression e<sub>2<\/sub>.<\/p>\n<p>If the seal is decompressed as a result of external loads, i.e. if a gap emerges between the lid and the mating surface, the required tightness is maintained until e<sub>1<\/sub> is reached. The permissible gap between the sealing surface and the lid corresponds to the useful elastic recovery ru (see Figure 4). In particular, this parameter and the associated force Y<sub>1<\/sub> are essential for evaluating the behaviour of the metal seal under operating and accident conditions.<\/p>\n<p>In the assembly state, mechanical stress and temperature exposure lead to creep processes in the metal seal. These become noticeable in the form of relaxation. As shown in Figure 4, relaxation decreases the restoring force at the operating point to Y<sub>2r<\/sub> with unchanged deformation. Although the minimum force required to maintain the specified tightness Y<sub>1r<\/sub> decreases upon decompression, the deformation e<sub>1r<\/sub> decreases accordingly, so that the remaining useful recovery r<sub>ur<\/sub> for an aged seal decreases considerably compared to the assembly state.<\/p>\n<p>Knowledge of the characteristic values Y<sub>1r<\/sub> and r<sub>ur<\/sub> of an aged seal is therefore of great importance to reliably evaluate the long-term behaviour of the metal seals. In particular, the remaining useful recovery r<sub>ur<\/sub> is a measure for assessing the robustness of the sealing barrier, i.e. the extent to which the seal is able to maintain the required tightness even under external mechanical influences.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-cm7hd4x-14b37c46ccb2714090375de1b709e8be sc-av_one_half av-equal-height-column-flextable'><div  class='flex_column av-cm7hd4x-14b37c46ccb2714090375de1b709e8be av_one_half  avia-builder-el-163  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-c1xqcyp-89525f673d985af62d12df658784755e\">\n.avia-image-container.av-c1xqcyp-89525f673d985af62d12df658784755e img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-c1xqcyp-89525f673d985af62d12df658784755e .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-c1xqcyp-89525f673d985af62d12df658784755e av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-164  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-13223 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-13223 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_20_Abb19-1.png\" alt='' title='221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_20_Abb19'  height=\"774\" width=\"1000\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_20_Abb19-1.png 1000w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_20_Abb19-1-300x232.png 300w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_20_Abb19-1-768x594.png 768w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_20_Abb19-1-705x546.png 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-bqn7l41-4e2de6833a7edc6f591a72f4502b44dc av_one_half  avia-builder-el-165  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_hr  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-bbbf1nl-e03f2628bab132d6e2d7c4ba83c29797\">\n#top .hr.av-bbbf1nl-e03f2628bab132d6e2d7c4ba83c29797{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n.hr.av-bbbf1nl-e03f2628bab132d6e2d7c4ba83c29797 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100px;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-bbbf1nl-e03f2628bab132d6e2d7c4ba83c29797 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-166  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-fat'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-axn5uox-7ceed49aff38f0f153e7ad43e493bd4b\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-axn5uox-7ceed49aff38f0f153e7ad43e493bd4b .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-axn5uox-7ceed49aff38f0f153e7ad43e493bd4b '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>Figure 4:<br \/>\nChange in characteristic values of metal seals due to ageing<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ajsw6ip-43eda1bec80fd7bdafc2e70ea2b3fab8\">\n#top .hr.av-ajsw6ip-43eda1bec80fd7bdafc2e70ea2b3fab8{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n.hr.av-ajsw6ip-43eda1bec80fd7bdafc2e70ea2b3fab8 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100px;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-ajsw6ip-43eda1bec80fd7bdafc2e70ea2b3fab8 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-168  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-fat'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/p><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-9vsphy9-232af9375392e102dddb77646b33e0ef\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-9vsphy9-232af9375392e102dddb77646b33e0ef{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-9vsphy9-232af9375392e102dddb77646b33e0ef hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-169  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-9a2i7dt-9901246863bd3ca5f621024c4ef4f060\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-9a2i7dt-9901246863bd3ca5f621024c4ef4f060 .avia_textblock{\ncolumn-count:2;\ncolumn-gap:6%;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){ \n#top .av_textblock_section.av-9a2i7dt-9901246863bd3ca5f621024c4ef4f060 .avia_textblock{\ncolumn-count:1;\n}\n.av_textblock_section.av-9a2i7dt-9901246863bd3ca5f621024c4ef4f060 .avia_textblock.av_multi_colums > p:first-child{\nmargin-top:0.85em;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-9a2i7dt-9901246863bd3ca5f621024c4ef4f060 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_multi_colums'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The long-term tests carried out so far and the operating experience of more than 25 years demonstrate that the high tightness requirements are also met in the long term by the metal seals used. This can be expected to remain the case for interim storage of 40 years and longer. However, in order to validate and quantitatively predict the sealing behaviour over longer periods of time, further investigations are required to determine the change in sealing characteristics under the influence of temperature and time.<\/p>\n<p>A study on the ageing behaviour of metal seals was carried out between 2013 and 2016 under the direction of GNS with RuDrift. The tests were carried out in the joint laboratory of Technetics and CEA at the Pierrelatte site (France). The stainless steel (SST) test flanges developed for the tests represent the standard sealing surface\/lid combination (nickel-plated cask body\/martensitic lid material). Aluminium- and silver-coated metal seals were used in the test flanges. These metal seals are of the kind used in the primary and secondary lids, the so-called main lids. The compressed metal seals used in the test flanges were stored for two years at temperatures of 100\u00b0C and 130\u00b0C and for one year at 150\u00b0C to predict sealing behaviour, particularly for the maximum design temperatures. Reference flanges were stored in parallel at room temperature. At different times, the test flanges were removed from the furnaces and the decompression curves were recorded with respect to Y<sub>1r<\/sub> and r<sub>ur<\/sub>. The results describe the quantitative behaviour of the metal seals for a temperature level that corresponds to the maximum design thermal load.<\/p>\n<p>In fact, seal temperatures during interim storage are significantly lower than the test temperatures at RuDrift. This means that the design temperatures are not reached even at the time of loading and continue to drop due to the decreasing heat generation. Additional tests at lower temperature levels with a correspondingly extended test duration are also planned. These will be performed to obtain valid statements on the behaviour of metal seals at the sealing temperatures expected during extended interim storage. The study will also cover seals with a smaller torus diameter. These seals are used in the so-called small lids (closure lid, protective cap and pressure switch). There are also plans to study transferability to the use of another sealing surface\/lid combination. This is a combination of uncoated ductile cast iron (DCI) with stainless steel (SST), which is only relevant for main lids with aluminium-coated metal seals. The test programme (EP) under MSTOR is therefore as follows (see Figure 5):<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-9429kgx-09a643d1670fb869f60e1b67e2c1dbb6 sc-av_three_fourth av-equal-height-column-flextable'><div  class='flex_column av-9429kgx-09a643d1670fb869f60e1b67e2c1dbb6 av_three_fourth  avia-builder-el-171  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_one_fourth  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-bottom  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-8p6lvi9-f8d20d5e207e91eb0a0409fc8a52e9c0\">\n.avia-image-container.av-8p6lvi9-f8d20d5e207e91eb0a0409fc8a52e9c0 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-8p6lvi9-f8d20d5e207e91eb0a0409fc8a52e9c0 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-8p6lvi9-f8d20d5e207e91eb0a0409fc8a52e9c0 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-172  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-13434 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-13434 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/221118_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_21_Abb20.png\" alt='' title='221118_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_21_Abb20'  height=\"599\" width=\"1200\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/221118_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_21_Abb20.png 1200w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/221118_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_21_Abb20-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/221118_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_21_Abb20-1030x514.png 1030w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/221118_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_21_Abb20-768x383.png 768w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/221118_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_21_Abb20-705x352.png 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-85gg14x-de7cbbe0735f116c963828815b763fac av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-173  el_after_av_three_fourth  el_before_av_hr  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-bottom  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-7s3oi5d-60645353bf9cdacd9e167b3839ef4216\">\n#top .hr.av-7s3oi5d-60645353bf9cdacd9e167b3839ef4216{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n.hr.av-7s3oi5d-60645353bf9cdacd9e167b3839ef4216 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100px;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-7s3oi5d-60645353bf9cdacd9e167b3839ef4216 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-174  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-fat'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-p4wz4x-8c7abbbaf84485e89b168fe032976f89\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-p4wz4x-8c7abbbaf84485e89b168fe032976f89 .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-p4wz4x-8c7abbbaf84485e89b168fe032976f89 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>Figure 5:<br \/>\nOverview of the RuDrift\/MSTOR test programme<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-6hq6wqp-4fd3a1fa1a12cdebe84c4e3a0a847817\">\n#top .hr.av-6hq6wqp-4fd3a1fa1a12cdebe84c4e3a0a847817{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n.hr.av-6hq6wqp-4fd3a1fa1a12cdebe84c4e3a0a847817 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100px;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-6hq6wqp-4fd3a1fa1a12cdebe84c4e3a0a847817 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-176  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-fat'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/p><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-65zyaip-b153aa74a83278bcfd6678e9d6b83db4\">\n#top .hr.av-65zyaip-b153aa74a83278bcfd6678e9d6b83db4{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n.hr.av-65zyaip-b153aa74a83278bcfd6678e9d6b83db4 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100px;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-65zyaip-b153aa74a83278bcfd6678e9d6b83db4 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-177  el_after_av_one_fourth  el_before_av_one_fourth  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-fat'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='flex_column av-5nan6ht-11d80594580863593e98a427d41fe74a av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-178  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_one_fourth  first flex_column_div  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-54uqptt-2fff2916f3e7f5d301126219fcb007cf '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>EP1\/2<\/strong><br \/>\nContinuation of the artificial ageing of aluminium- and silver-coated metal seals in main lids at 130\u00b0C (plus one year) and 100\u00b0C (plus three years), which was started with RuDrift. The aim is to improve prediction accuracy in the selected temperature range and to carry out further reference testing of seals stored at room temperature (plus eight years).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-50r9na9-c160bf4e957022ca5f734508c6488a8f av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-180  el_after_av_one_fourth  el_before_av_one_fourth  flex_column_div  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-4f297xd-ce2ff80b2ce1f68d9860f656b3dc2109 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>EP3\/6<\/strong><br \/>\nExpansion of the database for aluminium- and silver-coated metal seals in main lids at ageing temperatures of 60\u00b0C and 80\u00b0C, in each case over a period of at least eight years.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-3qrw0wx-5e5289b4ed2e7f3660f0b38cdc3b7d90 av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-182  el_after_av_one_fourth  el_before_av_one_fourth  flex_column_div  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-crggbl-92e8dc892d9a8025e9b7f67cda1723a2 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>EP4<\/strong><br \/>\nCreation of a database for aluminium-coated metal seals in main lids for the flange combination DCI\/SST at representative ageing temperatures of 130\u00b0C (one year), 100\u00b0C (six years) and at room temperature (six years) for reference purposes.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-30cyhi9-c937ce7a991eefec73ec3bee94ffb4f9 av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-184  el_after_av_one_fourth  el_before_av_hr  flex_column_div  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-2dv2jb5-9acc0720ce89deae0b69cb908c16db70 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>EP5\/7<\/strong><br \/>\nCreation of a database for aluminium- and silver-coated metal seals in small lids for the flange combination SST\/SST at ageing temperatures analogous to the large lid seals of 150\u00b0C (one year), 130\u00b0C (three years), 100\u00b0C (six years), 80\u00b0C (seven years) and 60\u00b0C (at least seven years) as well as at room temperature (at least seven years) for reference purposes.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-21pnd5t-6be1138bfb4ffcf806d7ca92e1dbefa4\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-21pnd5t-6be1138bfb4ffcf806d7ca92e1dbefa4{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-21pnd5t-6be1138bfb4ffcf806d7ca92e1dbefa4 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-186  el_after_av_one_fourth  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1njrqox-2bfbad4e8f6e58b271dea05f62f4650d\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-1njrqox-2bfbad4e8f6e58b271dea05f62f4650d .avia_textblock{\ncolumn-count:2;\ncolumn-gap:6%;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){ \n#top .av_textblock_section.av-1njrqox-2bfbad4e8f6e58b271dea05f62f4650d .avia_textblock{\ncolumn-count:1;\n}\n.av_textblock_section.av-1njrqox-2bfbad4e8f6e58b271dea05f62f4650d .avia_textblock.av_multi_colums > p:first-child{\nmargin-top:0.85em;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-1njrqox-2bfbad4e8f6e58b271dea05f62f4650d '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_multi_colums'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Models for predicting the change in the characteristic values of the metal seals are generated based on the temperature and time-dependent measurement results. These models enable the long-term behaviour of metal seals to be evaluated, taking into account real thermal loads and decay behaviour. The results can also be used to specifically pre-age metal seals by artificial ageing, for example for further studies on aged seals. To verify the calculations, additional flanges (so-called travelling flanges) with silver- and aluminium-coated metal seals are aged at various temperatures (130\u00b0C, 100\u00b0C, 80\u00b0C and 60\u00b0C) in the EP3\/6 test programmes. The respective measurement results are compared with the temperature- and time-dependent \u00adcalculations. The aim is to demonstrate that the prediction model found is able to correctly calculate ageing under realistic operating conditions at decreasing temperatures.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-129iv4x-c5d30c227f55bedea52b3f47f04c225e\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-129iv4x-c5d30c227f55bedea52b3f47f04c225e{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-129iv4x-c5d30c227f55bedea52b3f47f04c225e hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-188  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_button '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-button-wrap av-r9068x-2978b655b65812b45febfb767974b986-wrap avia-button-left  avia-builder-el-189  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_hr '><a href='#topcask'  class='avia-button av-r9068x-2978b655b65812b45febfb767974b986 av-link-btn avia-icon_select-no avia-size-small avia-position-left avia-color-theme-color'   aria-label=\"To top\"><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >To top<\/span><\/a><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l3aa0pu3-21716a8f8b44f4ddbb67eef1fe370b5c\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-l3aa0pu3-21716a8f8b44f4ddbb67eef1fe370b5c{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-l3aa0pu3-21716a8f8b44f4ddbb67eef1fe370b5c hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-190  el_after_av_button  avia-builder-el-last '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l3a9kd3n-f93050bd67a65e61063df45c2922a93d\">\n.av-layout-tab.av-l3a9kd3n-f93050bd67a65e61063df45c2922a93d{\nvertical-align:top;\nbackground-color:rgba(199,210,217,0);\n}\n#top .av-tab-section-outer-container.av-l3a9hux0-7dbfae55302c46e8bd2ff3bee843f138 .av-active-tab-title.av-section-tab-title.av-l3a9kd3n-f93050bd67a65e61063df45c2922a93d .av-tab-arrow-container span{\nbackground-color:rgba(199,210,217,0);\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av-tab-section-2-2' class='av-layout-tab av-l3a9kd3n-f93050bd67a65e61063df45c2922a93d av-animation-delay-container  avia-builder-el-191  el_after_av_tab_sub_section  avia-builder-el-last  av-active-tab-content __av_init_open ' data-av-deeplink-tabs=\"mstorzu\" data-av-tab-section-content=\"2\" data-tab-section-id=\"2\"><div class=\"av-layout-tab-inner\"><div class=\"container\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2t4h3ti-4ef33ff002e86fd0c64e2da4f8d445d1\">\n.avia-section.av-l2t4h3ti-4ef33ff002e86fd0c64e2da4f8d445d1{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='observe'  class='avia-section av-l2t4h3ti-4ef33ff002e86fd0c64e2da4f8d445d1 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-192  el_after_av_tab_section  el_before_av_tab_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-13120'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2t4i4hb-921276fd717a189ef6347d00865ea1d2\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-l2t4i4hb-921276fd717a189ef6347d00865ea1d2{\npadding-bottom:30px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-l2t4i4hb-921276fd717a189ef6347d00865ea1d2 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-l2t4i4hb-921276fd717a189ef6347d00865ea1d2 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-l2t4i4hb-921276fd717a189ef6347d00865ea1d2 av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-193  el_before_av_codeblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  ><b>OBSERVE \u2013 Dosisleistungs- und Temperaturmessprogramm<\/b><\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l5mchurr-5a6eafbfe0ea09594bb5e6fee6f310c9 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"#observeauf\">More information<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"#observezu\">Less information<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l3bk8d7k-a9de6804648a9da93e851813da9bbcf4\">\n.av-tab-section-outer-container.av-l3bk8d7k-a9de6804648a9da93e851813da9bbcf4 .av-tab-section-tab-title-container{\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\n}\n#top .av-tab-section-outer-container.av-l3bk8d7k-a9de6804648a9da93e851813da9bbcf4 .av-active-tab-title.av-section-tab-title{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='reiterforschung'  class='av-tab-section-container entry-content-wrapper main_color av-tab-no-transition av-tab-content-auto  av-tab-above-content  avia-builder-el-196  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  reiterforschung tab-section-not-first container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='av-tab-section-outer-container av-l3bk8d7k-a9de6804648a9da93e851813da9bbcf4'><div class='av-tab-section-tab-title-container avia-tab-title-padding-none' role='tablist'><a href='#1observe' data-av-tab-section-title='1' class='av-section-tab-title  av-l3bkaae2-859cdabe298e713e511b1bb5b3213cd1 av-tab-no-icon av-tab-no-image ' role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='av-tab-section-3-1'><span class='av-outer-tab-title'><span class='av-inner-tab-title'>1observe<\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-tab-arrow-container\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/a><a href='#2observe' data-av-tab-section-title='2' class='av-section-tab-title av-active-tab-title no-scroll av-l3bkaho7-069bb2e1218f373dacf0c1f4b7f19e3b av-tab-no-icon av-tab-no-image ' role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='av-tab-section-3-2'><span class='av-outer-tab-title'><span class='av-inner-tab-title'>2observe<\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-tab-arrow-container\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div><div class='avia-slideshow-arrows av-tabsection-arrow' ><a href='#prev' class='prev-slide av_prev_tab_section av-tab-section-slide avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='left-open-big' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' tabindex='-1' title=\"Previous\"><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 15 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-4' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-4' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-4'>Previous<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-4'>Previous<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M14.464 27.84q0.832 0.832 0 1.536-0.832 0.832-1.536 0l-12.544-12.608q-0.768-0.768 0-1.6l12.544-12.608q0.704-0.832 1.536 0 0.832 0.704 0 1.536l-11.456 11.904z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Previous<\/span><\/a><a href='#next' class='next-slide av_next_tab_section av-tab-section-slide avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='right-open-big' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' tabindex='-1' title=\"Next\"><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 15 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-5' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-5' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-5'>Next<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-5'>Next<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M0.416 27.84l11.456-11.84-11.456-11.904q-0.832-0.832 0-1.536 0.832-0.832 1.536 0l12.544 12.608q0.768 0.832 0 1.6l-12.544 12.608q-0.704 0.832-1.536 0-0.832-0.704 0-1.536z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Next<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class='av-tab-section-inner-container avia-section-no-padding' style='width:200vw; left:-100%;'><span class=\"av_prev_tab_section av_tab_navigation\"><\/span><span class=\"av_next_tab_section av_tab_navigation\"><\/span>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l3bkaae2-859cdabe298e713e511b1bb5b3213cd1\">\n.av-layout-tab.av-l3bkaae2-859cdabe298e713e511b1bb5b3213cd1{\nvertical-align:top;\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\n}\n#top .av-tab-section-outer-container.av-l3bk8d7k-a9de6804648a9da93e851813da9bbcf4 .av-active-tab-title.av-section-tab-title.av-l3bkaae2-859cdabe298e713e511b1bb5b3213cd1 .av-tab-arrow-container span{\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av-tab-section-3-1' class='av-layout-tab av-l3bkaae2-859cdabe298e713e511b1bb5b3213cd1 av-animation-delay-container  avia-builder-el-197  el_before_av_tab_sub_section  avia-builder-el-first  ' data-av-deeplink-tabs=\"observeauf\" data-av-tab-section-content=\"1\" data-tab-section-id=\"1observe\"><div class=\"av-layout-tab-inner\"><div class=\"container\"><section  class='av_textblock_section av-2gn7n9d-bac6b2cf78e8e85ac6ea0a66ca7e4ea4 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><blockquote>\n<p>The distribution of dose rate and temperature on the cask surface depends on the arrangement and characteristics of the radioactive inventory and cask components (see Figure 6 and Figure 7). Measurements are routinely taken before casks are placed in storage to confirm compliance with the applicable dose rate and temperature limits for storage in the respective storage facility.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>These measurements are carried out at representative measuring points specifically defined for each cask type in order to obtain reliable information about the mean value or to find maximum values.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-20o9cdd-64d10d152d59dfc197a659383d2c2f71 sc-av_one_half av-equal-height-column-flextable'><div  class='flex_column av-20o9cdd-64d10d152d59dfc197a659383d2c2f71 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-199  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-bottom  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2u9oyuq-e9d593ec197c497eeb7800ef8195fab5\">\n.avia-image-container.av-l2u9oyuq-e9d593ec197c497eeb7800ef8195fab5 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-l2u9oyuq-e9d593ec197c497eeb7800ef8195fab5 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-l2u9oyuq-e9d593ec197c497eeb7800ef8195fab5 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-200  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-11527 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-11527 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BGZ-Forschungsprogramm_Abb_21.jpg\" alt='' title='BGZ-Forschungsprogramm_Abb_21'  height=\"2080\" width=\"2488\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BGZ-Forschungsprogramm_Abb_21.jpg 2488w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BGZ-Forschungsprogramm_Abb_21-300x251.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BGZ-Forschungsprogramm_Abb_21-1030x861.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BGZ-Forschungsprogramm_Abb_21-768x642.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BGZ-Forschungsprogramm_Abb_21-1536x1284.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BGZ-Forschungsprogramm_Abb_21-2048x1712.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BGZ-Forschungsprogramm_Abb_21-1500x1254.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BGZ-Forschungsprogramm_Abb_21-705x589.jpg 705w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BGZ-Forschungsprogramm_Abb_21-1320x1104.jpg 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2488px) 100vw, 2488px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-64ltldt-9b5c286fc0ac9ef23c7205ef73a12b83 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-201  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-bottom  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5rq0x4x-ff4fbcfa84ba1e1c80bb0bd954726fd6\">\n#top .hr.av-5rq0x4x-ff4fbcfa84ba1e1c80bb0bd954726fd6{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n.hr.av-5rq0x4x-ff4fbcfa84ba1e1c80bb0bd954726fd6 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100px;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-5rq0x4x-ff4fbcfa84ba1e1c80bb0bd954726fd6 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-202  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-fat'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2uhm5n0-a7295910ef1983206ea0c2d6372351ca\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-l2uhm5n0-a7295910ef1983206ea0c2d6372351ca .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2uhm5n0-a7295910ef1983206ea0c2d6372351ca '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>Figure 6: Distribution of dose rates on the surface of a CASTOR\u00ae cask (left: neutron dose rate, right: gamma dose rate)<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5hgyb8h-6cba5c2180bf59029b709b01af5ef41c\">\n#top .hr.av-5hgyb8h-6cba5c2180bf59029b709b01af5ef41c{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n.hr.av-5hgyb8h-6cba5c2180bf59029b709b01af5ef41c .hr-inner{\nwidth:100px;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-5hgyb8h-6cba5c2180bf59029b709b01af5ef41c hr-custom  avia-builder-el-204  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-fat'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/p><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 --><div class='flex_column_table av-kjegyp-81c6789d5a04102b5eae76b4f00f3f03 sc-av_one_half av-equal-height-column-flextable'><div  class='flex_column av-kjegyp-81c6789d5a04102b5eae76b4f00f3f03 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-205  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-bottom  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2ua76e5-c125f302fc9e8210bfe6d707528e5d7b\">\n.avia-image-container.av-l2ua76e5-c125f302fc9e8210bfe6d707528e5d7b img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-l2ua76e5-c125f302fc9e8210bfe6d707528e5d7b .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-l2ua76e5-c125f302fc9e8210bfe6d707528e5d7b av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-206  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-11533 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-11533 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BGZ-Forschungsprogramm_Abb_22.png\" alt='' title='BGZ-Forschungsprogramm_Abb_22'  height=\"783\" width=\"1016\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BGZ-Forschungsprogramm_Abb_22.png 1016w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BGZ-Forschungsprogramm_Abb_22-300x231.png 300w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BGZ-Forschungsprogramm_Abb_22-768x592.png 768w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BGZ-Forschungsprogramm_Abb_22-705x543.png 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1016px) 100vw, 1016px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-gzxkch-fa8456c4b0444c235f278760c4c8cb56 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-207  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_hr  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-bottom  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-46mm5ep-4df6a068f1750479e8c2096ec5d521fc\">\n#top .hr.av-46mm5ep-4df6a068f1750479e8c2096ec5d521fc{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n.hr.av-46mm5ep-4df6a068f1750479e8c2096ec5d521fc .hr-inner{\nwidth:100px;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-46mm5ep-4df6a068f1750479e8c2096ec5d521fc hr-custom  avia-builder-el-208  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-fat'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2uhmxpd-468620c6f0784501f39ff99888a5a228\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-l2uhmxpd-468620c6f0784501f39ff99888a5a228 .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2uhmxpd-468620c6f0784501f39ff99888a5a228 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>Figure 7: Comparison of calculated and measured maximum cask temperatures in an interim storage facility (left: CFD calculation, right: thermography)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-3xikb35-25a617173fbd63bc884e474051efc394\">\n#top .hr.av-3xikb35-25a617173fbd63bc884e474051efc394{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n.hr.av-3xikb35-25a617173fbd63bc884e474051efc394 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100px;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-3xikb35-25a617173fbd63bc884e474051efc394 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-210  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-fat'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/p><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-860g729-0edf526ff2a042ad929a742b41848900\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-860g729-0edf526ff2a042ad929a742b41848900{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-860g729-0edf526ff2a042ad929a742b41848900 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-211  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2t50v9h-df0468b94ceb58dde3f7633b5a955ab7\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-l2t50v9h-df0468b94ceb58dde3f7633b5a955ab7 .avia_textblock{\ncolumn-count:2;\ncolumn-gap:6%;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){ \n#top .av_textblock_section.av-l2t50v9h-df0468b94ceb58dde3f7633b5a955ab7 .avia_textblock{\ncolumn-count:1;\n}\n.av_textblock_section.av-l2t50v9h-df0468b94ceb58dde3f7633b5a955ab7 .avia_textblock.av_multi_colums > p:first-child{\nmargin-top:0.85em;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2t50v9h-df0468b94ceb58dde3f7633b5a955ab7 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_multi_colums'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Activity and thus heat generation both decrease during storage due to the radioactive decay of the inventory. Likewise, there are temperature-dependent and radiation-induced changes in the properties of the materials used (for example, thermal expansion, density changes and radiolysis of the moderator material), which in turn effect shielding and heat dissipation.<\/p>\n<p>The planned dose rate and temperature measurement programme OBSERVE aims to measure the entire surface of selected casks intermittently over a long period of time. Measurements provide immediate and integral information on the ageing behaviour of the casks or the inventory. The measured dose rate and temperature curves must be compared with the predicted values for this purpose. These comparisons and the respective distribution can be used to draw conclusions about actual shielding and heat dissipation properties. If the measured values are within the expected range, this confirms that no unexpected changes have occurred and that ageing behaviour has been correctly assessed. In this way the measurement programmes can make an active contribution to ageing management.<\/p>\n<p>In the first stage of the project, sensitivity studies will be carried out to check how suitable dose rate\/temperature measurements are for drawing conclusions about the condition of cask components and the inventory. The results of the sensitivity analyses will be used to determine the requirements for carrying out the measurements (equipment, measurement grid, measurement location) and to develop a corresponding measurement programme.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2ua2n1d-0b7e4b48605eb01983f2d41d6faa912f\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-l2ua2n1d-0b7e4b48605eb01983f2d41d6faa912f{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-l2ua2n1d-0b7e4b48605eb01983f2d41d6faa912f hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-213  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_button '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-button-wrap av-qay6g1-3b654aa49b5b67db907f593d6ee96423-wrap avia-button-left  avia-builder-el-214  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_hr '><a href='#topcask'  class='avia-button av-qay6g1-3b654aa49b5b67db907f593d6ee96423 av-link-btn avia-icon_select-no avia-size-small avia-position-left avia-color-theme-color'   aria-label=\"To top\"><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >To top<\/span><\/a><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l3bkqhsv-a7717899b6271ceb8408d97aee1eafc4\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-l3bkqhsv-a7717899b6271ceb8408d97aee1eafc4{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-l3bkqhsv-a7717899b6271ceb8408d97aee1eafc4 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-215  el_after_av_button  avia-builder-el-last '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l3bkaho7-069bb2e1218f373dacf0c1f4b7f19e3b\">\n.av-layout-tab.av-l3bkaho7-069bb2e1218f373dacf0c1f4b7f19e3b{\nvertical-align:top;\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\n}\n#top .av-tab-section-outer-container.av-l3bk8d7k-a9de6804648a9da93e851813da9bbcf4 .av-active-tab-title.av-section-tab-title.av-l3bkaho7-069bb2e1218f373dacf0c1f4b7f19e3b .av-tab-arrow-container span{\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av-tab-section-3-2' class='av-layout-tab av-l3bkaho7-069bb2e1218f373dacf0c1f4b7f19e3b av-animation-delay-container  avia-builder-el-216  el_after_av_tab_sub_section  avia-builder-el-last  av-active-tab-content __av_init_open ' data-av-deeplink-tabs=\"observezu\" data-av-tab-section-content=\"2\" data-tab-section-id=\"2observe\"><div class=\"av-layout-tab-inner\"><div class=\"container\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2uabu8j-3fa1aebcdfd7dd41c0fa502107a13878\">\n.avia-section.av-l2uabu8j-3fa1aebcdfd7dd41c0fa502107a13878{\nbackground-color:rgba(199,210,217,0.43);\nbackground-image:unset;\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='dpopt'  class='avia-section av-l2uabu8j-3fa1aebcdfd7dd41c0fa502107a13878 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-217  el_after_av_tab_section  el_before_av_tab_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-13120'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2uac2sx-d750ef521dc55b8a76ec4ea67ebc144b\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-l2uac2sx-d750ef521dc55b8a76ec4ea67ebc144b{\npadding-bottom:30px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-l2uac2sx-d750ef521dc55b8a76ec4ea67ebc144b .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-l2uac2sx-d750ef521dc55b8a76ec4ea67ebc144b .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-l2uac2sx-d750ef521dc55b8a76ec4ea67ebc144b av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-218  el_before_av_codeblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  ><b>DPOPT \u2013 Optimierung des Druckschalters<\/b><\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l5mcri1w-82c9f072109fc2bebf5586058f3fa7b9 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"#dpoptauf\">More information<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"#dpoptzu\">Less information<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='reiterforschung'  class='av-tab-section-container entry-content-wrapper main_color av-tab-no-transition av-tab-content-auto  av-tab-above-content  avia-builder-el-221  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_textblock  reiterforschung tab-section-not-first container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='av-tab-section-outer-container av-5sb5t41-fa8738dea81d7a74f1b8d8fed7113584'><div class='av-tab-section-tab-title-container avia-tab-title-padding-none' role='tablist'><a href='#1dpopt' data-av-tab-section-title='1' class='av-section-tab-title  av-58sdqn5-7f3701ca45ca0cb75f7b5312dca6db1b av-tab-no-icon av-tab-no-image ' role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='av-tab-section-4-1'><span class='av-outer-tab-title'><span class='av-inner-tab-title'>1dpopt<\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-tab-arrow-container\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/a><a href='#2dpopt' data-av-tab-section-title='2' class='av-section-tab-title av-active-tab-title no-scroll av-4td9675-8cfa84cefc049823be428415ef6a9321 av-tab-no-icon av-tab-no-image ' role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='av-tab-section-4-2'><span class='av-outer-tab-title'><span class='av-inner-tab-title'>2dpopt<\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-tab-arrow-container\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div><div class='av-tab-section-inner-container avia-section-no-padding' style='width:200vw; left:-100%;'><span class=\"av_prev_tab_section av_tab_navigation\"><\/span><span class=\"av_next_tab_section av_tab_navigation\"><\/span>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-58sdqn5-7f3701ca45ca0cb75f7b5312dca6db1b\">\n.av-layout-tab.av-58sdqn5-7f3701ca45ca0cb75f7b5312dca6db1b{\nvertical-align:top;\nbackground-color:rgba(199,210,217,0.43);\n}\n#top .av-tab-section-outer-container.av-5sb5t41-fa8738dea81d7a74f1b8d8fed7113584 .av-active-tab-title.av-section-tab-title.av-58sdqn5-7f3701ca45ca0cb75f7b5312dca6db1b .av-tab-arrow-container span{\nbackground-color:rgba(199,210,217,0.43);\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av-tab-section-4-1' class='av-layout-tab av-58sdqn5-7f3701ca45ca0cb75f7b5312dca6db1b av-animation-delay-container  avia-builder-el-222  el_before_av_tab_sub_section  avia-builder-el-first  ' data-av-deeplink-tabs=\"dpoptauf\" data-av-tab-section-content=\"1\" data-tab-section-id=\"1dpopt\"><div class=\"av-layout-tab-inner\"><div class=\"container\"><section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2uafkwk-8457a2bca460400df8415f18bf7d2420 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><blockquote>\n<p>The sealing function of the double-lid sealing system is monitored by means of a pressure switch mounted in the outer sealing barrier of the double-lid sealing system and connected to the inter-lid space. The pressure switch in turn is connected to the cask monitoring system.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>If, during storage, the pressure in the inter-lid space drops below the pressure level in the reference chamber of the pressure switch due to a defect in one of the two barriers, the contact of the main switch is opened and the cask monitoring system reports \u201cInter-lid pressure low\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-eumuh41-9ebad6297b76dc926144f4f460451ebe sc-av_three_fourth av-equal-height-column-flextable'><div  id=\"abb_23\"  class='flex_column av-eumuh41-9ebad6297b76dc926144f4f460451ebe av_three_fourth  avia-builder-el-224  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_one_fourth  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ecekczl-15878808f993f011e2168a5ae725e299\">\n.avia-image-container.av-ecekczl-15878808f993f011e2168a5ae725e299 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-ecekczl-15878808f993f011e2168a5ae725e299 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-ecekczl-15878808f993f011e2168a5ae725e299 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-225  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-13234 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-13234 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_24_Abb23.png\" alt='' title='221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_24_Abb23'  height=\"625\" width=\"1600\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_24_Abb23.png 1600w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_24_Abb23-300x117.png 300w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_24_Abb23-1030x402.png 1030w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_24_Abb23-768x300.png 768w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_24_Abb23-1536x600.png 1536w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_24_Abb23-1500x586.png 1500w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_24_Abb23-705x275.png 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-3jxkzy9-b47d0c2dec47ecaee36832b25d168fae av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-226  el_after_av_three_fourth  el_before_av_hr  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-34c33c1-576f84b3df6d7e9824dce18c792ee509\">\n#top .hr.av-34c33c1-576f84b3df6d7e9824dce18c792ee509{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n.hr.av-34c33c1-576f84b3df6d7e9824dce18c792ee509 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100px;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-34c33c1-576f84b3df6d7e9824dce18c792ee509 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-227  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-fat'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2uhuife-ee577af3b2dab734244c81bd77a10707\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-l2uhuife-ee577af3b2dab734244c81bd77a10707 .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2uhuife-ee577af3b2dab734244c81bd77a10707 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>Figure 8:<br \/>\nBasic design of the pressure switch<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2h5sdc1-df36395cf122ddad06dbe60832e3d609\">\n#top .hr.av-2h5sdc1-df36395cf122ddad06dbe60832e3d609{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n.hr.av-2h5sdc1-df36395cf122ddad06dbe60832e3d609 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100px;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-2h5sdc1-df36395cf122ddad06dbe60832e3d609 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-229  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-fat'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/p><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2uib3v7-d9a45d6e9e1a694299077340ae353e1c\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-l2uib3v7-d9a45d6e9e1a694299077340ae353e1c{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-l2uib3v7-d9a45d6e9e1a694299077340ae353e1c hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-230  el_after_av_one_fourth  el_before_av_one_half '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-238loap-2f8d8e6ca09104e553f219145d028064 sc-av_one_half av-equal-height-column-flextable'><div  class='flex_column av-238loap-2f8d8e6ca09104e553f219145d028064 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-231  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_one_fourth  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2ui9sak-f314983fb060056da9e04e69d0e9a468 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The pressure switch is a complex component (see Figure 8 and Figure 9), which is manufactured to high quality standards. However, random defects cannot be completely ruled out. The pressure switch therefore has a self-monitoring function in the form of an additional switch for the reference chamber. If pressure in the reference chamber drops below the specified switching pressure due to a pressure switch defect, the corresponding contact is opened and the cask monitoring system reports \u201cReference chamber pressure low\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>There have only been a very limited number of defects \u2013 so-called pressure switch events \u2013 in the more than 1,400 pressure switches that are installed worldwide. Some of these 1,400 switches have been in operation for more than 30 years, adding up to a total operating time of more than 20,000 years. The failure probability of a pressure switch is in the range of less than 10<sup>-6<\/sup> per year.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-5f7mi01-f755cc648687eadf0883fb62c637bff9 av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-233  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_fourth  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-grw7oh-5952c8430240933e3988356e56afc9ed\">\n.avia-image-container.av-grw7oh-5952c8430240933e3988356e56afc9ed img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-grw7oh-5952c8430240933e3988356e56afc9ed .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-grw7oh-5952c8430240933e3988356e56afc9ed av-styling- avia-align-left  avia-builder-el-234  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-11548 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-11548 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BGZ-Forschungsprogramm_Abb_24-1-300x289.png\" alt='' title='BGZ-Forschungsprogramm_Abb_24'  height=\"289\" width=\"300\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BGZ-Forschungsprogramm_Abb_24-1-300x289.png 300w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BGZ-Forschungsprogramm_Abb_24-1-36x36.png 36w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BGZ-Forschungsprogramm_Abb_24-1.png 584w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-1m4t1b5-b5fa6b83ab6e19f2986f6192c0ae6998 av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-235  el_after_av_one_fourth  el_before_av_hr  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-middle  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-129cfnl-7dcf1e82ee7f74e10973ebbc0196d6f5\">\n#top .hr.av-129cfnl-7dcf1e82ee7f74e10973ebbc0196d6f5{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n.hr.av-129cfnl-7dcf1e82ee7f74e10973ebbc0196d6f5 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100px;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-129cfnl-7dcf1e82ee7f74e10973ebbc0196d6f5 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-236  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-fat'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2uhvcra-0be1fb849a0e33724b07d9985e7a7bf6\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-l2uhvcra-0be1fb849a0e33724b07d9985e7a7bf6 .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2uhvcra-0be1fb849a0e33724b07d9985e7a7bf6 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>Figure 9:<br \/>\n<\/em><em>Basic design of the pressure switch<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kgd5s1-52fcfcbb2bc30c9de11c033c1829d915\">\n#top .hr.av-kgd5s1-52fcfcbb2bc30c9de11c033c1829d915{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n.hr.av-kgd5s1-52fcfcbb2bc30c9de11c033c1829d915 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100px;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-kgd5s1-52fcfcbb2bc30c9de11c033c1829d915 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-238  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-fat'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/p><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-4b65xa9-b269f0522c532c134b95ccd3c549f4d9\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-4b65xa9-b269f0522c532c134b95ccd3c549f4d9{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-4b65xa9-b269f0522c532c134b95ccd3c549f4d9 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-239  el_after_av_one_fourth  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-80r6hup-5e6bbbbbe7f92c5c7b6cf739f2a5ca34\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-80r6hup-5e6bbbbbe7f92c5c7b6cf739f2a5ca34 .avia_textblock{\ncolumn-count:2;\ncolumn-gap:6%;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){ \n#top .av_textblock_section.av-80r6hup-5e6bbbbbe7f92c5c7b6cf739f2a5ca34 .avia_textblock{\ncolumn-count:1;\n}\n.av_textblock_section.av-80r6hup-5e6bbbbbe7f92c5c7b6cf739f2a5ca34 .avia_textblock.av_multi_colums > p:first-child{\nmargin-top:0.85em;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-80r6hup-5e6bbbbbe7f92c5c7b6cf739f2a5ca34 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_multi_colums'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Figure 10 shows that pressure switch events do not correlate with the total number of operating years. It can therefore be assumed that events occur randomly, and it cannot be deduced from their distribution over time that a systematic increase in failures is associated with extended interim storage. The decrease in the frequency of failures is also related to incorporation of the lessons learned during operation or during failure evaluation into the handling of the pressure switches.<\/p>\n<p>Specific evaluations of pressure switch events show that the vast majority of events were due to leakage at the feedthroughs of the contact pins. This resulted in a pressure drop in the reference chamber but not in a failure of the containment function of the lid system. However, BGZ is working with GNS to optimise the pressure switch for interim storage purposes. Preliminary studies by the manufacturers HBM and GNS show that using glass feedthroughs instead of the ceramic feedthroughs previously used is a promising solution to the problem, as glass feedthroughs do not require additional soldering material.<\/p>\n<p>The DPOPT research programme will subject the new contact feedthrough design to several tests covering operating conditions. The contact pins will be subjected to different mechanical stresses, which are considered to be the cause of the previous defects. These include pure weight loads and the simulation of repeated plugging and unplugging. The new switch will also be subjected to thermal loads to demonstrate that the glass feedthroughs are suitable for the entire temperature range envisaged. Load tests will be followed by helium leak tests in which the specified maximum leak rate must not be exceeded.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-aijiy81-c3d939f95a7f46b8098bb43b3cbcbfe9 sc-av_three_fourth av-equal-height-column-flextable'><div  class='flex_column av-aijiy81-c3d939f95a7f46b8098bb43b3cbcbfe9 av_three_fourth  avia-builder-el-241  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_one_fourth  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-a3erbpd-ba5689807948fe4f12bbd69f7a05a514\">\n.avia-image-container.av-a3erbpd-ba5689807948fe4f12bbd69f7a05a514 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-a3erbpd-ba5689807948fe4f12bbd69f7a05a514 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-a3erbpd-ba5689807948fe4f12bbd69f7a05a514 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-242  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-13438 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-13438 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/221118_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_26_Abb25.png\" alt='' title='221118_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_26_Abb25'  height=\"909\" width=\"1200\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/221118_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_26_Abb25.png 1200w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/221118_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_26_Abb25-300x227.png 300w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/221118_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_26_Abb25-1030x780.png 1030w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/221118_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_26_Abb25-768x582.png 768w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/221118_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_26_Abb25-705x534.png 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-3urfmv5-b34085e0dc474473433d26d0bab8b71d av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-243  el_after_av_three_fourth  el_before_av_hr  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-crkqn5-2e405519ac230dd10ad4e36beaa5e0e0\">\n#top .hr.av-crkqn5-2e405519ac230dd10ad4e36beaa5e0e0{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n.hr.av-crkqn5-2e405519ac230dd10ad4e36beaa5e0e0 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100px;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-crkqn5-2e405519ac230dd10ad4e36beaa5e0e0 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-244  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-fat'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2ui72y0-6ef195a037ef9bb4e0279b82aa6dd607\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-l2ui72y0-6ef195a037ef9bb4e0279b82aa6dd607 .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2ui72y0-6ef195a037ef9bb4e0279b82aa6dd607 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>Figure 10:<br \/>\nComparison of years of operation and pressure switch events<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2xssl29-b612da21feccfe4c73001ede55ba00ba\">\n#top .hr.av-2xssl29-b612da21feccfe4c73001ede55ba00ba{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n.hr.av-2xssl29-b612da21feccfe4c73001ede55ba00ba .hr-inner{\nwidth:100px;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-2xssl29-b612da21feccfe4c73001ede55ba00ba hr-custom  avia-builder-el-246  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-fat'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/p><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2uiedre-34e00422f9def20fbde0b74c66d5cd53\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-l2uiedre-34e00422f9def20fbde0b74c66d5cd53{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-l2uiedre-34e00422f9def20fbde0b74c66d5cd53 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-247  el_after_av_one_fourth  el_before_av_button '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-button-wrap av-m1zx4x-cfd20775e383911930e1b51ce1c68a7c-wrap avia-button-left  avia-builder-el-248  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_hr '><a href='#topcask'  class='avia-button av-m1zx4x-cfd20775e383911930e1b51ce1c68a7c av-link-btn avia-icon_select-no avia-size-small avia-position-left avia-color-theme-color'   aria-label=\"To top\"><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >To top<\/span><\/a><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l3bks285-1deb7579060083dc5edda2e6a51eb986\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-l3bks285-1deb7579060083dc5edda2e6a51eb986{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-l3bks285-1deb7579060083dc5edda2e6a51eb986 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-249  el_after_av_button  avia-builder-el-last '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-4td9675-8cfa84cefc049823be428415ef6a9321\">\n.av-layout-tab.av-4td9675-8cfa84cefc049823be428415ef6a9321{\nvertical-align:top;\nbackground-color:rgba(199,210,217,0.43);\n}\n#top .av-tab-section-outer-container.av-5sb5t41-fa8738dea81d7a74f1b8d8fed7113584 .av-active-tab-title.av-section-tab-title.av-4td9675-8cfa84cefc049823be428415ef6a9321 .av-tab-arrow-container span{\nbackground-color:rgba(199,210,217,0.43);\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av-tab-section-4-2' class='av-layout-tab av-4td9675-8cfa84cefc049823be428415ef6a9321 av-animation-delay-container  avia-builder-el-250  el_after_av_tab_sub_section  avia-builder-el-last  av-active-tab-content __av_init_open ' data-av-deeplink-tabs=\"dpoptzu\" data-av-tab-section-content=\"2\" data-tab-section-id=\"2dpopt\"><div class=\"av-layout-tab-inner\"><div class=\"container\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div id='after_tab_section_4'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-13120'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<section  id=\"forschungsaktivitaeteninventare\"  class='av_textblock_section av-l3a80m13-9f7a1d5d0963db8db1160fb9c8a23029 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3>Inventories:<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  id=\"topinventories\"  class='avia-buttonrow-wrap av-la2pzedi-9f6c3e9d77cd7de64799b4166ebb7464 avia-buttonrow-left  avia-builder-el-252  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_section  avia-builder-el-last '>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_buttonrow_item-c79d2f817baa4bc7ec99eb4ecb5a8688\">\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-c79d2f817baa4bc7ec99eb4ecb5a8688{\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\ncolor:#0d57a0;\nborder-style:solid;\nborder-width:0 0 0 7px;\nborder-radius:0 0 0 0;\nbox-shadow:none;\ntransition:all 0.4s ease-in-out;\nmargin-bottom:15px;\nmargin-right:15px;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-c79d2f817baa4bc7ec99eb4ecb5a8688:hover{\nbackground-color:white;\ncolor:#0d57a0;\ntransition:all 0.4s ease-in-out;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-c79d2f817baa4bc7ec99eb4ecb5a8688:hover .avia_button_background{\nborder-radius:0 0 0 0;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-c79d2f817baa4bc7ec99eb4ecb5a8688 .avia-svg-icon svg:first-child{\nfill:#0d57a0;\nstroke:#0d57a0;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-c79d2f817baa4bc7ec99eb4ecb5a8688:hover .avia-svg-icon svg:first-child{\nfill:#0d57a0;\nstroke:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<a href='#scip'  class='avia-button av-av_buttonrow_item-c79d2f817baa4bc7ec99eb4ecb5a8688 avia-icon_select-no avia-size-small'   aria-label=\"SCIP IV\"><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >SCIP IV<\/span><\/a>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_buttonrow_item-ecd18f269a2255457f9492fe770d63a9\">\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-ecd18f269a2255457f9492fe770d63a9{\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\ncolor:#0d57a0;\nborder-style:solid;\nborder-width:0 0 0 7px;\nborder-radius:0 0 0 0;\ntransition:all 0.4s ease-in-out;\nmargin-bottom:15px;\nmargin-right:15px;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-ecd18f269a2255457f9492fe770d63a9:hover{\nbackground-color:white;\ncolor:#0d57a0;\ntransition:all 0.4s ease-in-out;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-ecd18f269a2255457f9492fe770d63a9:hover .avia_button_background{\nborder-radius:0 0 0 0;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-ecd18f269a2255457f9492fe770d63a9 .avia-svg-icon svg:first-child{\nfill:#0d57a0;\nstroke:#0d57a0;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-ecd18f269a2255457f9492fe770d63a9:hover .avia-svg-icon svg:first-child{\nfill:#0d57a0;\nstroke:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<a href='#spizwurz'  class='avia-button av-av_buttonrow_item-ecd18f269a2255457f9492fe770d63a9 avia-icon_select-no avia-size-small'   aria-label=\"SpizWurZ\"><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >SpizWurZ<\/span><\/a>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_buttonrow_item-a433f72927e496b974d986b98b17bd10\">\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-a433f72927e496b974d986b98b17bd10{\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\ncolor:#0d57a0;\nborder-style:solid;\nborder-width:0 0 0 7px;\nborder-radius:0 0 0 0;\ntransition:all 0.4s ease-in-out;\nmargin-bottom:15px;\nmargin-right:15px;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-a433f72927e496b974d986b98b17bd10:hover{\nbackground-color:white;\ncolor:#0d57a0;\ntransition:all 0.4s ease-in-out;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-a433f72927e496b974d986b98b17bd10:hover .avia_button_background{\nborder-radius:0 0 0 0;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-a433f72927e496b974d986b98b17bd10 .avia-svg-icon svg:first-child{\nfill:#0d57a0;\nstroke:#0d57a0;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-a433f72927e496b974d986b98b17bd10:hover .avia-svg-icon svg:first-child{\nfill:#0d57a0;\nstroke:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<a href='#tmb'  class='avia-button av-av_buttonrow_item-a433f72927e496b974d986b98b17bd10 avia-icon_select-no avia-size-small'   aria-label=\"Thermal Modelling Benchmark\"><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Thermal Modelling Benchmark<\/span><\/a>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_buttonrow_item-89872498daec4ea96a91b3703281cf34\">\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-89872498daec4ea96a91b3703281cf34{\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\ncolor:#0d57a0;\nborder-style:solid;\nborder-width:0 0 0 7px;\nborder-radius:0 0 0 0;\ntransition:all 0.4s ease-in-out;\nmargin-bottom:15px;\nmargin-right:15px;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-89872498daec4ea96a91b3703281cf34:hover{\nbackground-color:white;\ncolor:#0d57a0;\ntransition:all 0.4s ease-in-out;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-89872498daec4ea96a91b3703281cf34:hover .avia_button_background{\nborder-radius:0 0 0 0;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-89872498daec4ea96a91b3703281cf34 .avia-svg-icon svg:first-child{\nfill:#0d57a0;\nstroke:#0d57a0;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-89872498daec4ea96a91b3703281cf34:hover .avia-svg-icon svg:first-child{\nfill:#0d57a0;\nstroke:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<a href='#leda'  class='avia-button av-av_buttonrow_item-89872498daec4ea96a91b3703281cf34 avia-icon_select-no avia-size-small'   aria-label=\"LEDA\"><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >LEDA<\/span><\/a>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_buttonrow_item-ee4e2e10f234fe72ccd2c0fd75ccf5f6\">\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-ee4e2e10f234fe72ccd2c0fd75ccf5f6{\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\ncolor:#0d57a0;\nborder-style:solid;\nborder-width:0 0 0 7px;\nborder-radius:0 0 0 0;\ntransition:all 0.4s ease-in-out;\nmargin-bottom:15px;\nmargin-right:15px;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-ee4e2e10f234fe72ccd2c0fd75ccf5f6:hover{\nbackground-color:white;\ncolor:#0d57a0;\ntransition:all 0.4s ease-in-out;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-ee4e2e10f234fe72ccd2c0fd75ccf5f6:hover .avia_button_background{\nborder-radius:0 0 0 0;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-ee4e2e10f234fe72ccd2c0fd75ccf5f6 .avia-svg-icon svg:first-child{\nfill:#0d57a0;\nstroke:#0d57a0;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-av_buttonrow_item-ee4e2e10f234fe72ccd2c0fd75ccf5f6:hover .avia-svg-icon svg:first-child{\nfill:#0d57a0;\nstroke:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<a href='#dcs'  class='avia-button av-av_buttonrow_item-ee4e2e10f234fe72ccd2c0fd75ccf5f6 avia-icon_select-no avia-size-small'   aria-label=\"DCS-Monitor II\"><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >DCS-Monitor II<\/span><\/a>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-la2pzd0i-d5e0c6010558f0040c9fd638275e2862\">\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-la2pzd0i-d5e0c6010558f0040c9fd638275e2862{\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\ncolor:#0d57a0;\nborder-style:solid;\nborder-width:0 0 0 7px;\nborder-radius:0 0 0 0;\ntransition:all 0.4s ease-in-out;\nmargin-bottom:15px;\nmargin-right:15px;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-la2pzd0i-d5e0c6010558f0040c9fd638275e2862:hover{\nbackground-color:white;\ncolor:#0d57a0;\ntransition:all 0.4s ease-in-out;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-la2pzd0i-d5e0c6010558f0040c9fd638275e2862:hover .avia_button_background{\nborder-radius:0 0 0 0;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-la2pzd0i-d5e0c6010558f0040c9fd638275e2862 .avia-svg-icon svg:first-child{\nfill:#0d57a0;\nstroke:#0d57a0;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-la2pzd0i-d5e0c6010558f0040c9fd638275e2862:hover .avia-svg-icon svg:first-child{\nfill:#0d57a0;\nstroke:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<a href='#forschungsverbund'  class='avia-button av-la2pzd0i-d5e0c6010558f0040c9fd638275e2862 avia-icon_select-no avia-size-small'   aria-label=\"Muon radiography research network\"><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Muon radiography research network<\/span><\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2ubmwia-bfb0258cd77695bfbd997d9835c44247\">\n.avia-section.av-l2ubmwia-bfb0258cd77695bfbd997d9835c44247{\nbackground-color:rgba(199,210,217,0.43);\nbackground-image:unset;\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='scip'  class='avia-section av-l2ubmwia-bfb0258cd77695bfbd997d9835c44247 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-253  el_after_av_buttonrow  el_before_av_tab_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-13120'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2ubnhrc-96d1a6cb5fa07b1c10e81ec9425c700d\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-l2ubnhrc-96d1a6cb5fa07b1c10e81ec9425c700d{\npadding-bottom:30px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-l2ubnhrc-96d1a6cb5fa07b1c10e81ec9425c700d .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-l2ubnhrc-96d1a6cb5fa07b1c10e81ec9425c700d .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-l2ubnhrc-96d1a6cb5fa07b1c10e81ec9425c700d av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-254  el_before_av_codeblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  ><b>SCIP IV \u2013 Studsvik Cladding Integrity Project<\/b><\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l5mdiz6z-23e0412c7bbada410ee179786cc5dade '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"#scipauf\">More information<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"#scipzu\">Less information<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-46wm8dd-d2a822bf00363b0642e43ae1164dc923\">\n.av-tab-section-outer-container.av-46wm8dd-d2a822bf00363b0642e43ae1164dc923 .av-tab-section-tab-title-container{\nbackground-color:rgba(199,210,217,0.43);\n}\n#top .av-tab-section-outer-container.av-46wm8dd-d2a822bf00363b0642e43ae1164dc923 .av-active-tab-title.av-section-tab-title{\ncolor:rgba(199,210,217,0);\n}\n<\/style>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='reiterforschung'  class='av-tab-section-container entry-content-wrapper main_color av-tab-no-transition av-tab-content-auto  av-tab-above-content  avia-builder-el-257  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  reiterforschung tab-section-not-first container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='av-tab-section-outer-container av-46wm8dd-d2a822bf00363b0642e43ae1164dc923'><div class='av-tab-section-tab-title-container avia-tab-title-padding-none' role='tablist'><a href='#scip1' data-av-tab-section-title='1' class='av-section-tab-title  av-3wy9fcx-5abe64f677ca30f195a0344d3e6765e5 av-tab-no-icon av-tab-no-image ' role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='av-tab-section-5-1'><span class='av-outer-tab-title'><span class='av-inner-tab-title'>scip1<\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-tab-arrow-container\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/a><a href='#scip2' data-av-tab-section-title='2' class='av-section-tab-title av-active-tab-title no-scroll av-3jr7ns1-4aec43b25208a60bb1a889e03cdfd93b av-tab-no-icon av-tab-no-image ' role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='av-tab-section-5-2'><span class='av-outer-tab-title'><span class='av-inner-tab-title'>scip2<\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-tab-arrow-container\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div><div class='av-tab-section-inner-container avia-section-no-padding' style='width:200vw; left:-100%;'><span class=\"av_prev_tab_section av_tab_navigation\"><\/span><span class=\"av_next_tab_section av_tab_navigation\"><\/span>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-3wy9fcx-5abe64f677ca30f195a0344d3e6765e5\">\n.av-layout-tab.av-3wy9fcx-5abe64f677ca30f195a0344d3e6765e5{\nvertical-align:top;\nbackground-color:rgba(199,210,217,0.43);\n}\n#top .av-tab-section-outer-container.av-46wm8dd-d2a822bf00363b0642e43ae1164dc923 .av-active-tab-title.av-section-tab-title.av-3wy9fcx-5abe64f677ca30f195a0344d3e6765e5 .av-tab-arrow-container span{\nbackground-color:rgba(199,210,217,0.43);\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av-tab-section-5-1' class='av-layout-tab av-3wy9fcx-5abe64f677ca30f195a0344d3e6765e5 av-animation-delay-container  avia-builder-el-258  el_before_av_tab_sub_section  avia-builder-el-first  ' data-av-deeplink-tabs=\"scipauf\" data-av-tab-section-content=\"1\" data-tab-section-id=\"scip1\"><div class=\"av-layout-tab-inner\"><div class=\"container\"><section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2ubwpjb-889c406c3979615736ad988c20e38bc2 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><blockquote>\n<p>The OECD\/NEA Studsvik Cladding Integrity Project (SCIP IV) is the fourth research programme of a cooperation be\u00adtween OECD\/NEA and various organisations from 15 countries. The project was launched in July 2019 and will be implemented by Studsvik AB over a period of five years with a total budget of 14 million euros.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2uk9apu-9688d51c43d2e6884aaea5501892842b\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-l2uk9apu-9688d51c43d2e6884aaea5501892842b .avia_textblock{\ncolumn-count:2;\ncolumn-gap:6%;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){ \n#top .av_textblock_section.av-l2uk9apu-9688d51c43d2e6884aaea5501892842b .avia_textblock{\ncolumn-count:1;\n}\n.av_textblock_section.av-l2uk9apu-9688d51c43d2e6884aaea5501892842b .avia_textblock.av_multi_colums > p:first-child{\nmargin-top:0.85em;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2uk9apu-9688d51c43d2e6884aaea5501892842b '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_multi_colums'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The project will include basic and safety research on cladding performance during loss-of-coolant accidents, overheating, operational power transients and performance under interim and final storage conditions. The content of the current research programme builds on the previous programmes and specifically addresses questions pertaining to interim storage facilities. These include the creep behaviour of cladding tubes under interim storage conditions, the hydrogen fracture mechanisms in cladding tube material and the associated hydride reorientation, the interaction between fuel pellets and the cladding tube (pellet cladding interaction, fuel swelling), the permeation of gases in the fuel, the microstructure in high burn-up fuels, the mechanical behaviour of irradiated fuel assemblies and the fragmentation behaviour of different irradiated fuel types. The current experimental programme addresses a large number of the research questions identified by BGZ, some of which are also being carried out in parameter ranges relevant to Germany. BGZ is actively participating in the research programme. This includes regular discussions about the design, procedure and sample material of the experiments, as well as the evaluation and interpretation of the results obtained.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1b0nlmp-a0d6d1420d22c13805d718875d37e95e\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-1b0nlmp-a0d6d1420d22c13805d718875d37e95e{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-1b0nlmp-a0d6d1420d22c13805d718875d37e95e hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-261  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_button '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-button-wrap av-vxupep-302bddf1dbc2e460b22c01125653d3e2-wrap avia-button-left  avia-builder-el-262  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_hr '><a href='#topinventories'  class='avia-button av-vxupep-302bddf1dbc2e460b22c01125653d3e2 av-link-btn avia-icon_select-no avia-size-small avia-position-left avia-color-theme-color'   aria-label=\"To top\"><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >To top<\/span><\/a><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l3ble2fs-1960badfd50298cb9156637c72ab6f01\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-l3ble2fs-1960badfd50298cb9156637c72ab6f01{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-l3ble2fs-1960badfd50298cb9156637c72ab6f01 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-263  el_after_av_button  avia-builder-el-last '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-3jr7ns1-4aec43b25208a60bb1a889e03cdfd93b\">\n.av-layout-tab.av-3jr7ns1-4aec43b25208a60bb1a889e03cdfd93b{\nvertical-align:top;\nbackground-color:rgba(199,210,217,0.43);\n}\n#top .av-tab-section-outer-container.av-46wm8dd-d2a822bf00363b0642e43ae1164dc923 .av-active-tab-title.av-section-tab-title.av-3jr7ns1-4aec43b25208a60bb1a889e03cdfd93b .av-tab-arrow-container span{\nbackground-color:rgba(199,210,217,0.43);\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av-tab-section-5-2' class='av-layout-tab av-3jr7ns1-4aec43b25208a60bb1a889e03cdfd93b av-animation-delay-container  avia-builder-el-264  el_after_av_tab_sub_section  avia-builder-el-last  av-active-tab-content __av_init_open ' data-av-deeplink-tabs=\"scipzu\" data-av-tab-section-content=\"2\" data-tab-section-id=\"scip2\"><div class=\"av-layout-tab-inner\"><div class=\"container\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2uc4wb3-2e40caea962156fd65e45d6b7c3f438f\">\n.avia-section.av-l2uc4wb3-2e40caea962156fd65e45d6b7c3f438f{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='spizwurz'  class='avia-section av-l2uc4wb3-2e40caea962156fd65e45d6b7c3f438f main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-265  el_after_av_tab_section  el_before_av_tab_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-13120'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2uc5bak-ed8b7035cc693ed7bef73c43e511b0b4\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-l2uc5bak-ed8b7035cc693ed7bef73c43e511b0b4{\npadding-bottom:30px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-l2uc5bak-ed8b7035cc693ed7bef73c43e511b0b4 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-l2uc5bak-ed8b7035cc693ed7bef73c43e511b0b4 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-l2uc5bak-ed8b7035cc693ed7bef73c43e511b0b4 av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-266  el_before_av_codeblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  ><b>SpizWurZ \u2013 Stress-induced hydrogen rearrangement in fuel cladding during long-term interim storage<\/b><\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l5mdn0w8-fc110d80c743a53f09596c1e9bcd9445 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"#spizwurzauf\">More information<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"#spizwurzzu\">Less information<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-48uc3b5-7268efdcb6b6f5a48a9b9ee7ebdb967f\">\n.av-tab-section-outer-container.av-48uc3b5-7268efdcb6b6f5a48a9b9ee7ebdb967f .av-tab-section-tab-title-container{\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\n}\n#top .av-tab-section-outer-container.av-48uc3b5-7268efdcb6b6f5a48a9b9ee7ebdb967f .av-active-tab-title.av-section-tab-title{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='reiterforschung' aria-label='weiss' class='av-tab-section-container entry-content-wrapper main_color av-tab-no-transition av-tab-content-auto  av-tab-above-content  avia-builder-el-269  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  reiterforschung tab-section-not-first container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='av-tab-section-outer-container av-48uc3b5-7268efdcb6b6f5a48a9b9ee7ebdb967f'><div class='av-tab-section-tab-title-container avia-tab-title-padding-none' role='tablist'><a href='#spizwurz1' data-av-tab-section-title='1' class='av-section-tab-title  av-3rg02wx-415067a9ae7158dd33f10c40297c6348 av-tab-no-icon av-tab-no-image ' role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='av-tab-section-6-1'><span class='av-outer-tab-title'><span class='av-inner-tab-title'>spizwurz1<\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-tab-arrow-container\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/a><a href='#spizwurz2' data-av-tab-section-title='2' class='av-section-tab-title av-active-tab-title no-scroll av-3f7b0xt-c0e127eb83aa46c37ea1ad281082bfe1 av-tab-no-icon av-tab-no-image ' role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='av-tab-section-6-2'><span class='av-outer-tab-title'><span class='av-inner-tab-title'>spizwurz2<\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-tab-arrow-container\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div><div class='av-tab-section-inner-container avia-section-no-padding' style='width:200vw; left:-100%;'><span class=\"av_prev_tab_section av_tab_navigation\"><\/span><span class=\"av_next_tab_section av_tab_navigation\"><\/span>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-3rg02wx-415067a9ae7158dd33f10c40297c6348\">\n.av-layout-tab.av-3rg02wx-415067a9ae7158dd33f10c40297c6348{\nvertical-align:top;\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\n}\n#top .av-tab-section-outer-container.av-48uc3b5-7268efdcb6b6f5a48a9b9ee7ebdb967f .av-active-tab-title.av-section-tab-title.av-3rg02wx-415067a9ae7158dd33f10c40297c6348 .av-tab-arrow-container span{\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av-tab-section-6-1' class='av-layout-tab av-3rg02wx-415067a9ae7158dd33f10c40297c6348 av-animation-delay-container  avia-builder-el-270  el_before_av_tab_sub_section  avia-builder-el-first  ' data-av-deeplink-tabs=\"spizwurzauf\" data-av-tab-section-content=\"1\" data-tab-section-id=\"spizwurz1\"><div class=\"av-layout-tab-inner\"><div class=\"container\"><section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2ucc39d-c74e9de063d280c8433fb8ad2139f9db '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><blockquote>\n<p>BGZ is engaged as an observer in the collaborative proj\u00adect of GRS (funding code RS1568A) and KIT (funding code 1501609B) funded by the BMWi and managed by GRS.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2uk8q4i-583c867257b4409179e9934f8f33458f\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-l2uk8q4i-583c867257b4409179e9934f8f33458f .avia_textblock{\ncolumn-count:2;\ncolumn-gap:6%;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){ \n#top .av_textblock_section.av-l2uk8q4i-583c867257b4409179e9934f8f33458f .avia_textblock{\ncolumn-count:1;\n}\n.av_textblock_section.av-l2uk8q4i-583c867257b4409179e9934f8f33458f .avia_textblock.av_multi_colums > p:first-child{\nmargin-top:0.85em;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2uk8q4i-583c867257b4409179e9934f8f33458f '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_multi_colums'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The collaborative project focuses on experimental and theoretical studies on the behaviour of hydrogen in fuel rod cladding materials under long-term interim storage conditions. In principle, hydrogen exerts an embrittling effect on zirconium-based materials. In dissolved form, the distribution of the hydrogen stored in the cladding tube changes by diffusion under the impact of temperature, concentration and stress. There is no complete description in the literature of the hydrogen flow taking into account all relevant parameters. However, this would be necessary for a reliable assessment of fuel rod integrity. The project extends the qualitative and quantitative understanding of hydrogen diffusion on a macroscopic and microscopic level to predict the formation of hydride structures in zirconium-based cladding tube materials.<\/p>\n<p>One focus of the project is the experimental determination and description of the solubility and diffusion of hydrogen in cladding tube materials under longer-term interim storage conditions. The qualitative and quantitative description of hydrogen diffusion at the macroscopic and microscopic level will be studied to improve the prediction of hydride structures forming in zirconium-based cladding tube materials and the resulting material embrittlement. The results of individual effects will then be combined to produce a consistent description for theoretical modelling purposes of real cladding tube materials under conditions of longer-term interim storage with reference to irradiation and slow cooling rates.<\/p>\n<p>One of the aims is to determine the chemical potential and diffusion coefficients of hydrogen in elastically stressed zirconium alloys. The project will also produce and perform a blind benchmark for the evaluation of the existing computational code for the simulation of fuel assemblies in transport and storage casks.<\/p>\n<p>Specifically, bundle experiments will be carried out in the QUENCH facility at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) to determine macroscopic hydrogen flow in the cladding tube. For this purpose, different cladding tube materials (Zry-4, ZIRLO<sup>\u00ae<\/sup>, Duplex) will be loaded with hydrogen and individual internal pressures and hydrogen concentrations set. Subsequently, the unirradiated cladding tube samples will be cooled from temperatures of around 370\u00b0C at a cooling rate of about 1 K\/d in an experiment lasting several months. The hydrogen distribution in the cladding tubes will then be determined by means including neutron radiography.<\/p>\n<p>The microscopic diffusion-induced hydrogen flow as a function of orientation, morphology and mechanical stress in zirconium alloys will also be investigated and quantified. For this purpose, investigations on hydrogen diffusion on cladding tube materials of a material texture previously analysed in detail will be carried out on pre-oxidised material samples. In addition, an in-situ and ex-situ investigation of the impact of stress on the concentration distribution in Zircaloy will be carried out (by means of tensile tests).<\/p>\n<p>The real elastic strain in the fuel rod cladding tube after more than 30 years of storage will be determined experimentally in the hot cells of the Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (KIT-INE) by separating out the fuel and measuring the cladding tube diameter. A Zircaloy-4 cladding tube sample with UO2 (sample burn-up of 50.4 GWd\/tHM) from the Obrigheim PWR is used as the sample. The irradiation history of the samples irradiated in the 1980s is very well known. The initial period of the project, which began in 2020, is three years.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-yykggx-93d0c6b51b02100a0c398856417fbb05\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-yykggx-93d0c6b51b02100a0c398856417fbb05{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-yykggx-93d0c6b51b02100a0c398856417fbb05 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-273  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_button '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-button-wrap av-rbi6zl-3269bad2937980601cbb2edcd4abe950-wrap avia-button-left  avia-builder-el-274  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_hr '><a href='#topinventories'  class='avia-button av-rbi6zl-3269bad2937980601cbb2edcd4abe950 av-link-btn avia-icon_select-no avia-size-small avia-position-left avia-color-theme-color'   aria-label=\"To top\"><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >To top<\/span><\/a><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l3blet7g-f40c0bfa332836cf7b83d76bd045313c\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-l3blet7g-f40c0bfa332836cf7b83d76bd045313c{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-l3blet7g-f40c0bfa332836cf7b83d76bd045313c hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-275  el_after_av_button  avia-builder-el-last '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-3f7b0xt-c0e127eb83aa46c37ea1ad281082bfe1\">\n.av-layout-tab.av-3f7b0xt-c0e127eb83aa46c37ea1ad281082bfe1{\nvertical-align:top;\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\n}\n#top .av-tab-section-outer-container.av-48uc3b5-7268efdcb6b6f5a48a9b9ee7ebdb967f .av-active-tab-title.av-section-tab-title.av-3f7b0xt-c0e127eb83aa46c37ea1ad281082bfe1 .av-tab-arrow-container span{\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av-tab-section-6-2' class='av-layout-tab av-3f7b0xt-c0e127eb83aa46c37ea1ad281082bfe1 av-animation-delay-container  avia-builder-el-276  el_after_av_tab_sub_section  avia-builder-el-last  av-active-tab-content __av_init_open ' data-av-deeplink-tabs=\"spizwurzzu\" data-av-tab-section-content=\"2\" data-tab-section-id=\"spizwurz2\"><div class=\"av-layout-tab-inner\"><div class=\"container\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2ucd8tt-ba257984e0b1f59bcb08ff7eda747f6b\">\n.avia-section.av-l2ucd8tt-ba257984e0b1f59bcb08ff7eda747f6b{\nbackground-color:rgba(199,210,217,0.43);\nbackground-image:unset;\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='tmb'  class='avia-section av-l2ucd8tt-ba257984e0b1f59bcb08ff7eda747f6b main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-277  el_after_av_tab_section  el_before_av_tab_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-13120'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2ucd21q-59783affe14d69b7d876e47b620e6d1e\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-l2ucd21q-59783affe14d69b7d876e47b620e6d1e{\npadding-bottom:30px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-l2ucd21q-59783affe14d69b7d876e47b620e6d1e .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-l2ucd21q-59783affe14d69b7d876e47b620e6d1e .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-l2ucd21q-59783affe14d69b7d876e47b620e6d1e av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-278  el_before_av_codeblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  ><b>Thermal Modelling Benchmark<\/b><\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l5mdpirk-29c0df260655545b6324f1c4578dc1c6 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"#tmauf\">More information<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"#tmzu\">Less information<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='reiterforschung'  class='av-tab-section-container entry-content-wrapper main_color av-tab-no-transition av-tab-content-auto  av-tab-above-content  avia-builder-el-281  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  reiterforschung tab-section-not-first container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='av-tab-section-outer-container av-34rv2v5-55907127cd94e58aa4ce5604c9db56af'><div class='av-tab-section-tab-title-container avia-tab-title-padding-none' role='tablist'><a href='#tm1' data-av-tab-section-title='1' class='av-section-tab-title  av-2qtd8ap-61d56a9303411da689018f872a61c3ae av-tab-no-icon av-tab-no-image ' role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='av-tab-section-7-1'><span class='av-outer-tab-title'><span class='av-inner-tab-title'>tm1<\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-tab-arrow-container\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/a><a href='#tm2' data-av-tab-section-title='2' class='av-section-tab-title av-active-tab-title no-scroll av-1xln069-6e356f8109bcb6263ab492c88663e907 av-tab-no-icon av-tab-no-image ' role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='av-tab-section-7-2'><span class='av-outer-tab-title'><span class='av-inner-tab-title'>tm2<\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-tab-arrow-container\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div><div class='avia-slideshow-arrows av-tabsection-arrow' ><a href='#prev' class='prev-slide av_prev_tab_section av-tab-section-slide avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='left-open-big' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' tabindex='-1' title=\"Previous\"><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 15 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-6' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-6' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-6'>Previous<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-6'>Previous<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M14.464 27.84q0.832 0.832 0 1.536-0.832 0.832-1.536 0l-12.544-12.608q-0.768-0.768 0-1.6l12.544-12.608q0.704-0.832 1.536 0 0.832 0.704 0 1.536l-11.456 11.904z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Previous<\/span><\/a><a href='#next' class='next-slide av_next_tab_section av-tab-section-slide avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='right-open-big' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' tabindex='-1' title=\"Next\"><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 15 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-7' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-7' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-7'>Next<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-7'>Next<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M0.416 27.84l11.456-11.84-11.456-11.904q-0.832-0.832 0-1.536 0.832-0.832 1.536 0l12.544 12.608q0.768 0.832 0 1.6l-12.544 12.608q-0.704 0.832-1.536 0-0.832-0.704 0-1.536z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Next<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class='av-tab-section-inner-container avia-section-small' style='width:200vw; left:-100%;'><span class=\"av_prev_tab_section av_tab_navigation\"><\/span><span class=\"av_next_tab_section av_tab_navigation\"><\/span>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2qtd8ap-61d56a9303411da689018f872a61c3ae\">\n.av-layout-tab.av-2qtd8ap-61d56a9303411da689018f872a61c3ae{\nvertical-align:top;\nbackground-color:rgba(199,210,217,0.43);\n}\n#top .av-tab-section-outer-container.av-34rv2v5-55907127cd94e58aa4ce5604c9db56af .av-active-tab-title.av-section-tab-title.av-2qtd8ap-61d56a9303411da689018f872a61c3ae .av-tab-arrow-container span{\nbackground-color:rgba(199,210,217,0.43);\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av-tab-section-7-1' class='av-layout-tab av-2qtd8ap-61d56a9303411da689018f872a61c3ae av-animation-delay-container  avia-builder-el-282  el_before_av_tab_sub_section  avia-builder-el-first  ' data-av-deeplink-tabs=\"tmauf\" data-av-tab-section-content=\"1\" data-tab-section-id=\"tm1\"><div class=\"av-layout-tab-inner\"><div class=\"container\"><p><div  class='flex_column av-64z5pc1-b0f3ad5289873c6b4a980cdb63b4b210 av_three_fourth  avia-builder-el-283  el_before_av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2uci3fs-d07d43fa56fe02015bcefb3053b2450e '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><blockquote>\n<p>As almost all degradation effects of the cladding tube are temperature-dependent, it is critical to have as much precise knowledge as possible about the cladding tube temperature and its development in order to determine the integrity of the cladding tube.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>After reactor deployment, cladding tubes have a temperature of the decay pool of below 50\u00b0C. Following the decay period, the fuel assemblies are packed into and dried in casks. During the drying process, the cladding tubes reach their maximum temperature (outside the reactor), which subsequently decreases according to the heat conduction in the cask and the decay heat of the fuel. Long-term temperature development during storage essentially follows a decreasing exponential function.<\/p>\n<p>The time span from the drying process through to several months later is critical for the majority of the hydrogen-dependent effects that apply to longer-term interim storage. The rapid rise in temperature during the drying process and the way in which the cladding tube temperature decreases again significantly determine the behaviour of the hydrogen absorbed in the cladding tube.<\/p>\n<p>An instrumented type TN<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> 32 standard cask was loaded with PWR fuel assemblies at the North Anna power plant in 2017 and subjected to a measurement programme. Temperature measurements were an important part of the test procedure given that knowledge and accurate prediction of the temperature distribution in the cask and the cladding tubes has a significant influence on the ageing behaviour of the components. These are used to verify the thermal calculation methods. In the current project phase, the American project coordinator \u201cElectric Power Research Institute\u201d (EPRI) also invited interested international institutions to participate in a sub-project of the HBU Data Project: the \u201cInternational Thermal Modelling Benchmark Study\u201d. The aim is to obtain an international overview of the methods used and their sensitivity in comparison to experimentally obtained results.<\/p>\n<p>BGZ is participating in this benchmark together with GNS in order to gain further insights into safety-related verifications based on best estimate analyses for the upcoming reapplication for nuclear storage licences under Section 6 of the Atomic Energy Act.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2ucjxqk-ecf85ad618c1bdb85b45006af3dcf902 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The model of the cask was created in the first phase and the calculations carried out according to the benchmark description (see Figure 11). The results were sent to the organisers for evaluation. Evaluations are currently being undertaken and the specifications for the second phase are being defined in parallel. The second phase will involve more detailed study and quantification of the uncertainties in the modelling and their effects on the calculated cladding tube temperatures. BGZ will contribute results to the benchmark in addition to the results arrived at in association with GNS and WTI.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-5lh17mp-fcfe996cc8e163f931b2c6c77a988552 av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-286  el_after_av_three_fourth  el_before_av_hr  flex_column_div  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2ucms8y-8da717e793d082a4429e46fda639c62d\">\n.avia-image-container.av-l2ucms8y-8da717e793d082a4429e46fda639c62d img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-l2ucms8y-8da717e793d082a4429e46fda639c62d .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-l2ucms8y-8da717e793d082a4429e46fda639c62d av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-287  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-11559 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-11559 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BGZ-Forschungsprogramm_Abb_26.png\" alt='' title='BGZ-Forschungsprogramm_Abb_26'  height=\"1394\" width=\"589\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BGZ-Forschungsprogramm_Abb_26.png 589w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BGZ-Forschungsprogramm_Abb_26-127x300.png 127w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BGZ-Forschungsprogramm_Abb_26-435x1030.png 435w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/BGZ-Forschungsprogramm_Abb_26-298x705.png 298w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 589px) 100vw, 589px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2m3dz35-54575a9269a12876400f120238b32b83\">\n#top .hr.av-2m3dz35-54575a9269a12876400f120238b32b83{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n.hr.av-2m3dz35-54575a9269a12876400f120238b32b83 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100px;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-2m3dz35-54575a9269a12876400f120238b32b83 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-288  el_after_av_image  el_before_av_textblock  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-fat'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1xthxcx-ad94ee46739261e1b1081d0fa525078b\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-1xthxcx-ad94ee46739261e1b1081d0fa525078b .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-1xthxcx-ad94ee46739261e1b1081d0fa525078b '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>Figure 11: <\/em><em>Calculated temperature distribution of the loaded cask based on the information from the benchmark description<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1tlbj4x-56a4a1f882fff1e5b134f3b0e33315c4\">\n#top .hr.av-1tlbj4x-56a4a1f882fff1e5b134f3b0e33315c4{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n.hr.av-1tlbj4x-56a4a1f882fff1e5b134f3b0e33315c4 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100px;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-1tlbj4x-56a4a1f882fff1e5b134f3b0e33315c4 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-290  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-fat'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/p><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2upgixt-046ee31f520551333db4f90f0bed0c7b\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-2upgixt-046ee31f520551333db4f90f0bed0c7b{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-2upgixt-046ee31f520551333db4f90f0bed0c7b hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-291  el_after_av_one_fourth  el_before_av_button '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-button-wrap av-2isfkf5-059a782e6eae88088ede3fff43fa0d03-wrap avia-button-left  avia-builder-el-292  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_hr '><a href='#topinventories'  class='avia-button av-2isfkf5-059a782e6eae88088ede3fff43fa0d03 av-link-btn avia-icon_select-no avia-size-small avia-position-left avia-color-theme-color'   aria-label=\"To top\"><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >To top<\/span><\/a><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l3blfp2j-44d8db537b6329660578ab39bd040159\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-l3blfp2j-44d8db537b6329660578ab39bd040159{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-l3blfp2j-44d8db537b6329660578ab39bd040159 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-293  el_after_av_button  avia-builder-el-last '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1xln069-6e356f8109bcb6263ab492c88663e907\">\n.av-layout-tab.av-1xln069-6e356f8109bcb6263ab492c88663e907{\nvertical-align:top;\nbackground-color:rgba(199,210,217,0.43);\n}\n#top .av-tab-section-outer-container.av-34rv2v5-55907127cd94e58aa4ce5604c9db56af .av-active-tab-title.av-section-tab-title.av-1xln069-6e356f8109bcb6263ab492c88663e907 .av-tab-arrow-container span{\nbackground-color:rgba(199,210,217,0.43);\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av-tab-section-7-2' class='av-layout-tab av-1xln069-6e356f8109bcb6263ab492c88663e907 av-animation-delay-container  avia-builder-el-294  el_after_av_tab_sub_section  avia-builder-el-last  av-active-tab-content __av_init_open ' data-av-deeplink-tabs=\"tmzu\" data-av-tab-section-content=\"2\" data-tab-section-id=\"tm2\"><div class=\"av-layout-tab-inner\"><div class=\"container\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2ucssn7-532ff95dbd977ba7f5c271b703f68257\">\n.avia-section.av-l2ucssn7-532ff95dbd977ba7f5c271b703f68257{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='leda'  class='avia-section av-l2ucssn7-532ff95dbd977ba7f5c271b703f68257 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-295  el_after_av_tab_section  el_before_av_tab_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-13120'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2ucslok-6d226cc494cf3f0fd83b7517534b7ad7\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-l2ucslok-6d226cc494cf3f0fd83b7517534b7ad7{\npadding-bottom:30px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-l2ucslok-6d226cc494cf3f0fd83b7517534b7ad7 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-l2ucslok-6d226cc494cf3f0fd83b7517534b7ad7 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-l2ucslok-6d226cc494cf3f0fd83b7517534b7ad7 av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-296  el_before_av_codeblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  ><b>LEDA \u2013 Long-Term Experimental Dry Storage Analysis<\/b><\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l5mds7wk-3fb2c240338c72f5ced05bf75eb0c45a '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"#reiterledaauf\">More information<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"#reiterledazu\">Less information<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='reiterforschung'  class='av-tab-section-container entry-content-wrapper main_color av-tab-no-transition av-tab-content-auto  av-tab-above-content  avia-builder-el-299  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  reiterforschung tab-section-not-first container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='av-tab-section-outer-container av-31pllmp-4175ae035cfa36f4415b6a62a1dbf4e0'><div class='av-tab-section-tab-title-container avia-tab-title-padding-none' role='tablist'><a href='#leda1' data-av-tab-section-title='1' class='av-section-tab-title  av-9volkx-36eae3646d0780c3ccee74667c948bce av-tab-no-icon av-tab-no-image ' role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='av-tab-section-8-1'><span class='av-outer-tab-title'><span class='av-inner-tab-title'>leda1<\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-tab-arrow-container\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/a><a href='#leda2' data-av-tab-section-title='2' class='av-section-tab-title av-active-tab-title no-scroll av-26j9d5t-4c0267c2e3e91f4a8558063a2ed0dece av-tab-no-icon av-tab-no-image ' role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='av-tab-section-8-2'><span class='av-outer-tab-title'><span class='av-inner-tab-title'>leda2<\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-tab-arrow-container\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div><div class='av-tab-section-inner-container avia-section-no-padding' style='width:200vw; left:-100%;'><span class=\"av_prev_tab_section av_tab_navigation\"><\/span><span class=\"av_next_tab_section av_tab_navigation\"><\/span>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-9volkx-36eae3646d0780c3ccee74667c948bce\">\n.av-layout-tab.av-9volkx-36eae3646d0780c3ccee74667c948bce{\nvertical-align:top;\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\n}\n#top .av-tab-section-outer-container.av-31pllmp-4175ae035cfa36f4415b6a62a1dbf4e0 .av-active-tab-title.av-section-tab-title.av-9volkx-36eae3646d0780c3ccee74667c948bce .av-tab-arrow-container span{\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av-tab-section-8-1' class='av-layout-tab av-9volkx-36eae3646d0780c3ccee74667c948bce av-animation-delay-container  avia-builder-el-300  el_before_av_tab_sub_section  avia-builder-el-first  ' data-av-deeplink-tabs=\"reiterledaauf\" data-av-tab-section-content=\"1\" data-tab-section-id=\"leda1\"><div class=\"av-layout-tab-inner\"><div class=\"container\"><section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2ucw3tf-f7ef7547833f1046214442203737262c '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><blockquote>\n<p>In the laboratories of Studsvik in Sweden, BGZ is planning an experimental campaign to answer questions about cladding performance under conditions of dry interim storage and, in particular, to investigate the significance of hydrogen.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2uijx24-6197c2286b0d6e6238beb80dcb3351e7\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-l2uijx24-6197c2286b0d6e6238beb80dcb3351e7 .avia_textblock{\ncolumn-count:2;\ncolumn-gap:6%;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){ \n#top .av_textblock_section.av-l2uijx24-6197c2286b0d6e6238beb80dcb3351e7 .avia_textblock{\ncolumn-count:1;\n}\n.av_textblock_section.av-l2uijx24-6197c2286b0d6e6238beb80dcb3351e7 .avia_textblock.av_multi_colums > p:first-child{\nmargin-top:0.85em;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2uijx24-6197c2286b0d6e6238beb80dcb3351e7 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_multi_colums'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The experimental studies will take the form of \u201cintegral effect tests\u201d, i.e. tests and investigations on different fuel rod segments with prototypical boundary conditions representative for dry storage in Germany. Typical conditions are set and monitored. Furthermore, suitable investigations for the pre- and post-characterisation of the cladding materials are also required. The objectives of the LEDA test programme are the integral study of the behaviour of fuel rod segments representative for Germany under typical conditions of dry interim storage. The experimental data generated in LEDA will be used to extend and validate analytical models and methods for predicting fuel rod integrity for verification purposes in line with protection goals. The previous criteria for the exclusion of systematic cladding failure and their completeness will be reviewed and analysed taking account of (long-term) hydrogen behav\u00adiour for storage times of over 40 years.<\/p>\n<p>The long-term measurement campaign will be carried out with different irradiated fuel rod segments under prototypical boundary conditions. An integral approach under drying process and dry interim storage conditions is taken. The implementation of adequate pre- and post-characterisation of the fuel rod segments and the focus on hydrogen-induced effects, in combination with the use of fuel rod segments representative for Germany, in contrast to individual effect tests, allows results to be interpreted directly.<\/p>\n<p>The fuel rod segments that will be studied are as similar as possible to the fuel rods used in Germany in terms of cladding tube materials, fuels and irradiation histories. This will ensure that consideration is given as far as possible to the prototypical conditions that apply to cask loads.<\/p>\n<p>The tests will be carried out in the hot cells at Studsvik in Sweden in a test rig suitable for this purpose. The latter was developed and manufactured as part of the Halden Reactor Project (HRP) to investigate fuel rod behaviour under dry interim storage conditions. After the operating licence for the Halden plant expired, the Halden Board agreed to the test equipment being transport\u00aded to the Studsvik laboratories in Nyk\u00f6ping to ensure that it could continue to be used by BGZ. A sketch of the test rig is shown in Figure 12. Eight fuel rod segments can be simultaneously exposed to a typical temperature transient in the test rig, varying axially and over time. Typical axial temperature profiles are set for the tests. Over a period of several months, the temperature will be successively lowered, similar to the drop in temperature in the fuel assemblies in interim dry storage after the cask has been sealed.<\/p>\n<p>The ongoing steps within the project LEDA include \u00adpreparing the test rig at Studsvik\u2019s laboratories and \u00adselecting and preparing the fuel rod samples for testing.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div class='flex_column_table av-48jx081-44b4cb9ce602e8c84677bfde58debbad sc-av_one_third av-equal-height-column-flextable'><div  class='flex_column av-48jx081-44b4cb9ce602e8c84677bfde58debbad av_one_third  avia-builder-el-303  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_two_third  first flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2uczb2e-c200c20c2f3f8b0b5e3f15b60b5c4545\">\n.avia-image-container.av-l2uczb2e-c200c20c2f3f8b0b5e3f15b60b5c4545 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-l2uczb2e-c200c20c2f3f8b0b5e3f15b60b5c4545 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-l2uczb2e-c200c20c2f3f8b0b5e3f15b60b5c4545 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-304  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-13253 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-13253 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_28_Abb27.png\" alt='' title='221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_28_Abb27'  height=\"464\" width=\"800\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_28_Abb27.png 800w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_28_Abb27-300x174.png 300w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_28_Abb27-768x445.png 768w, https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/221027_BGZ_Forschungsprogramm_28_Abb27-705x409.png 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class='av-flex-placeholder'><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-44a6vtt-738d548c1511df38368d9d1f30791b21 av_two_third  avia-builder-el-305  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_hr  flex_column_table_cell av-equal-height-column av-align-top  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-15z2e4h-f911e0be77c91e007a600327f5df3b88\">\n#top .hr.av-15z2e4h-f911e0be77c91e007a600327f5df3b88{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n.hr.av-15z2e4h-f911e0be77c91e007a600327f5df3b88 .hr-inner{\nwidth:100px;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-15z2e4h-f911e0be77c91e007a600327f5df3b88 hr-custom  avia-builder-el-306  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-fat'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2uiicek-e268aa8195d11694d198625d7d5ad758\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-l2uiicek-e268aa8195d11694d198625d7d5ad758 .avia_textblock{\ncolor:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2uiicek-e268aa8195d11694d198625d7d5ad758 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_inherit_color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>Figure 12:<br \/>\nSketch of the test rig developed within the HRP and used further in LEDA. The test rig can accommodate<br \/>\nup to eight fuel rod segments. The temperature is regulated via the heating jacket and heating rod.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-nrk535-e34d31c3d8efd489e4c22197b8428abb\">\n#top .hr.av-nrk535-e34d31c3d8efd489e4c22197b8428abb{\nmargin-top:30px;\nmargin-bottom:30px;\n}\n.hr.av-nrk535-e34d31c3d8efd489e4c22197b8428abb .hr-inner{\nwidth:100px;\nborder-color:#0d57a0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-nrk535-e34d31c3d8efd489e4c22197b8428abb hr-custom  avia-builder-el-308  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last  hr-left hr-icon-no'><span class='hr-inner inner-border-av-border-fat'><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/p><\/div><\/div><!--close column table wrapper. Autoclose: 1 -->\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1c17m69-19d012e90f7674c9ce5490c6a8791d24\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-1c17m69-19d012e90f7674c9ce5490c6a8791d24{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-1c17m69-19d012e90f7674c9ce5490c6a8791d24 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-309  el_after_av_two_third  el_before_av_button '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-button-wrap av-2x3929-e545760bdb78e150ffddfb0e98a3aaa6-wrap avia-button-left  avia-builder-el-310  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_hr '><a href='#topinventories'  class='avia-button av-2x3929-e545760bdb78e150ffddfb0e98a3aaa6 av-link-btn avia-icon_select-no avia-size-small avia-position-left avia-color-theme-color'   aria-label=\"To top\"><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >To top<\/span><\/a><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l3blgnc6-8ff26001947cbbf623ac0cd06b6e2f03\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-l3blgnc6-8ff26001947cbbf623ac0cd06b6e2f03{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-l3blgnc6-8ff26001947cbbf623ac0cd06b6e2f03 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-311  el_after_av_button  avia-builder-el-last '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-26j9d5t-4c0267c2e3e91f4a8558063a2ed0dece\">\n.av-layout-tab.av-26j9d5t-4c0267c2e3e91f4a8558063a2ed0dece{\nvertical-align:top;\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\n}\n#top .av-tab-section-outer-container.av-31pllmp-4175ae035cfa36f4415b6a62a1dbf4e0 .av-active-tab-title.av-section-tab-title.av-26j9d5t-4c0267c2e3e91f4a8558063a2ed0dece .av-tab-arrow-container span{\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av-tab-section-8-2' class='av-layout-tab av-26j9d5t-4c0267c2e3e91f4a8558063a2ed0dece av-animation-delay-container  avia-builder-el-312  el_after_av_tab_sub_section  avia-builder-el-last  av-active-tab-content __av_init_open ' data-av-deeplink-tabs=\"reiterledazu\" data-av-tab-section-content=\"2\" data-tab-section-id=\"leda2\"><div class=\"av-layout-tab-inner\"><div class=\"container\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2ud3o8t-92bba868fb347be7391ed47e286cc9ed\">\n.avia-section.av-l2ud3o8t-92bba868fb347be7391ed47e286cc9ed{\nbackground-color:rgba(199,210,217,0.43);\nbackground-image:unset;\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='dcs'  class='avia-section av-l2ud3o8t-92bba868fb347be7391ed47e286cc9ed main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-313  el_after_av_tab_section  el_before_av_tab_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-13120'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2ud3zgq-53daf2df1d48391d83c158d5956effe2\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-l2ud3zgq-53daf2df1d48391d83c158d5956effe2{\npadding-bottom:30px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-l2ud3zgq-53daf2df1d48391d83c158d5956effe2 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-l2ud3zgq-53daf2df1d48391d83c158d5956effe2 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-l2ud3zgq-53daf2df1d48391d83c158d5956effe2 av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-314  el_before_av_codeblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  ><b>DCS-Monitor II<\/b><\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l5mdum49-ea1f06af30de70007cc61cf6c9b429ba '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"#dcsauf\">More information<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"#dcszu\">Less information<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='reiterforschung'  class='av-tab-section-container entry-content-wrapper main_color av-tab-no-transition av-tab-content-auto  av-tab-above-content  avia-builder-el-317  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  reiterforschung tab-section-not-first container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='av-tab-section-outer-container av-1r7rji9-06e885a1e1ed594f99ccc75c2047cbd9'><div class='av-tab-section-tab-title-container avia-tab-title-padding-none' role='tablist'><a href='#dcs1' data-av-tab-section-title='1' class='av-section-tab-title  av-11s2v41-4b49fb3d3c070d814669ae575aa66bd5 av-tab-no-icon av-tab-no-image ' role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='av-tab-section-9-1'><span class='av-outer-tab-title'><span class='av-inner-tab-title'>dcs1<\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-tab-arrow-container\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/a><a href='#dcs2' data-av-tab-section-title='2' class='av-section-tab-title av-active-tab-title no-scroll av-n608zl-b4db36f2d3316c22b5702e4edb48cc55 av-tab-no-icon av-tab-no-image ' role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='av-tab-section-9-2'><span class='av-outer-tab-title'><span class='av-inner-tab-title'>dcs2<\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-tab-arrow-container\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div><div class='av-tab-section-inner-container avia-section-no-padding' style='width:200vw; left:-100%;'><span class=\"av_prev_tab_section av_tab_navigation\"><\/span><span class=\"av_next_tab_section av_tab_navigation\"><\/span>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-11s2v41-4b49fb3d3c070d814669ae575aa66bd5\">\n.av-layout-tab.av-11s2v41-4b49fb3d3c070d814669ae575aa66bd5{\nvertical-align:top;\nbackground-color:rgba(199,210,217,0.43);\n}\n#top .av-tab-section-outer-container.av-1r7rji9-06e885a1e1ed594f99ccc75c2047cbd9 .av-active-tab-title.av-section-tab-title.av-11s2v41-4b49fb3d3c070d814669ae575aa66bd5 .av-tab-arrow-container span{\nbackground-color:rgba(199,210,217,0.43);\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av-tab-section-9-1' class='av-layout-tab av-11s2v41-4b49fb3d3c070d814669ae575aa66bd5 av-animation-delay-container  avia-builder-el-318  el_before_av_tab_sub_section  avia-builder-el-first  ' data-av-deeplink-tabs=\"dcsauf\" data-av-tab-section-content=\"1\" data-tab-section-id=\"dcs1\"><div class=\"av-layout-tab-inner\"><div class=\"container\"><section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2ud7bq4-de425f5da51e9962ae88073a99e3af8a '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><blockquote>\n<p>The aim of the collaborative project, which is coordinated by Dresden Technical University, is to study approaches to radiation field-based diagnostis for gamma radiation, \u00adneutron flux and muons in greater depth. This will be done in the form of simulations and experiments aimed at developing a validated and applicable monitoring procedure for CASTOR<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> casks.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2uil8lx-914eb6143a241f4e0c346f98ed48ec39\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-l2uil8lx-914eb6143a241f4e0c346f98ed48ec39 .avia_textblock{\ncolumn-count:2;\ncolumn-gap:6%;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){ \n#top .av_textblock_section.av-l2uil8lx-914eb6143a241f4e0c346f98ed48ec39 .avia_textblock{\ncolumn-count:1;\n}\n.av_textblock_section.av-l2uil8lx-914eb6143a241f4e0c346f98ed48ec39 .avia_textblock.av_multi_colums > p:first-child{\nmargin-top:0.85em;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2uil8lx-914eb6143a241f4e0c346f98ed48ec39 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_multi_colums'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>This will include field studies on real casks in interim storage facilities for the first time. The proj\u00adect is dedicated to the in-depth analysis and experimental evaluation of radiometric detection methods for larger, predominantly geometric changes in the cask inventory based on gamma, neutron and muon fields. The project builds on generic feasibility studies on various potential diagnostic methods for non-invasive monitoring of CASTOR<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> casks, which were carried out as part of a previous project (funding codes 1501513A, 1501513B). The project explicitly does not extend to research on change and damage mechanisms.<\/p>\n<p>A detector based on straw tube technology provided by Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich will be commissioned and an in-house detector concept will be developed to study the applicability of muon imaging for a monitoring procedure for dual-purpose casks (DPCs) for high-level radioactive waste. With the support of GNS and BGZ, the detectors will be used as far as possible to carry out measurements on large-scale dummies and later on DPCs in the interim storage facility. The aim is to experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of mapping fuel distribution in the DPCs using muon imaging within the framework of practical measurement times. In parallel, extensive simulation studies will be carried out to arrive at a suitable measurement concept and to generate suitable algorithms for volume reconstruction from the measurement data of the muon detectors. This work should deliver a suitable strategy for one-off and recurring cask scans using muon imaging.<\/p>\n<p>The project will also investigate in more depth the use of measurements of the gamma and neutron radiation field of loaded DPCs for non-invasive monitoring. A numerical sensitivity study will be carried out to qualify the gamma and neutron measurement technology. The data generated will include information on how differences in cask loading affect the gamma and neutron field of a CASTOR<sup>\u00ae<\/sup>. A semi-automated radiation measurement system for measuring the gamma and neutron radiation emitted by the DPCs will also be designed and built. The radiation measurement system will be used in a specially designed experimental campaign on CASTOR<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> casks in the interim storage facility. The focus will be on reliably determining signature differences in the radiation field with known differences in the loading or burn-up of single fuel assemblies. Accompanying ongoing research will also be undertaken on current research results regarding potential cladding tube damage and nuclear fuel distributions during extended interim storage.<\/p>\n<p>BGZ supports the preparation and implementation of the project as an associated project partner.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-15sp1y9-66978b3bce2361cf9439a51c0c663f35\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-15sp1y9-66978b3bce2361cf9439a51c0c663f35{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-15sp1y9-66978b3bce2361cf9439a51c0c663f35 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-321  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_button '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-button-wrap av-sihov5-0d0d9154e488dcd4102c4607679c6849-wrap avia-button-left  avia-builder-el-322  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_hr '><a href='#topinventories'  class='avia-button av-sihov5-0d0d9154e488dcd4102c4607679c6849 av-link-btn avia-icon_select-no avia-size-small avia-position-left avia-color-theme-color'   aria-label=\"To top\"><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >To top<\/span><\/a><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l3blhg28-13b44a54bafba8739d9c85d11470b639\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-l3blhg28-13b44a54bafba8739d9c85d11470b639{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-l3blhg28-13b44a54bafba8739d9c85d11470b639 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-323  el_after_av_button  avia-builder-el-last '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-n608zl-b4db36f2d3316c22b5702e4edb48cc55\">\n.av-layout-tab.av-n608zl-b4db36f2d3316c22b5702e4edb48cc55{\nvertical-align:top;\nbackground-color:rgba(199,210,217,0.43);\n}\n#top .av-tab-section-outer-container.av-1r7rji9-06e885a1e1ed594f99ccc75c2047cbd9 .av-active-tab-title.av-section-tab-title.av-n608zl-b4db36f2d3316c22b5702e4edb48cc55 .av-tab-arrow-container span{\nbackground-color:rgba(199,210,217,0.43);\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av-tab-section-9-2' class='av-layout-tab av-n608zl-b4db36f2d3316c22b5702e4edb48cc55 av-animation-delay-container  avia-builder-el-324  el_after_av_tab_sub_section  avia-builder-el-last  av-active-tab-content __av_init_open ' data-av-deeplink-tabs=\"dcszu\" data-av-tab-section-content=\"2\" data-tab-section-id=\"dcs2\"><div class=\"av-layout-tab-inner\"><div class=\"container\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2ud9zji-fa37f6e8ae9d29c8d49d90ff7bf7300e\">\n.avia-section.av-l2ud9zji-fa37f6e8ae9d29c8d49d90ff7bf7300e{\nmargin-top:0px;\nmargin-bottom:0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='forschungsverbund'  class='avia-section av-l2ud9zji-fa37f6e8ae9d29c8d49d90ff7bf7300e main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-325  el_after_av_tab_section  el_before_av_tab_section  avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-13120'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2udajco-23c1e8903d51107642269ebc7d51ed37\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-l2udajco-23c1e8903d51107642269ebc7d51ed37{\npadding-bottom:30px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-l2udajco-23c1e8903d51107642269ebc7d51ed37 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-l2udajco-23c1e8903d51107642269ebc7d51ed37 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-l2udajco-23c1e8903d51107642269ebc7d51ed37 av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-326  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  ><b>Forschungsverbund Myonenradiografie<\/b><\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2ude777-114b73ef913e40c642f25a5d9bc43ec0 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><blockquote>\n<p>Cosmic muons are produced in large numbers by cosmic rays in the upper atmosphere. Their properties are similar to those of electrons except that they are much heavier. The material-dependent interactions of cosmic muons with structures on Earth are already used in established methods in archaeology, geology, volcanology and fission material monitoring using radio- and tomographic imaging.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l5mdwka2-a441661a04430ed4e66751e238976194 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"#myoauf\">More information<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"#myozu\">Less information<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='reiterforschung'  class='av-tab-section-container entry-content-wrapper main_color av-tab-no-transition av-tab-content-auto  av-tab-above-content  avia-builder-el-329  el_after_av_section  avia-builder-el-last  reiterforschung tab-section-not-first container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='av-tab-section-outer-container av-1qxelkx-730ff53f31ec5dd71c5417bbd591ec70'><div class='av-tab-section-tab-title-container avia-tab-title-padding-none' role='tablist'><a href='#myo1' data-av-tab-section-title='1' class='av-section-tab-title  av-1b9xyo1-bc18a7a1de3ef053ca23e0651e1410a8 av-tab-no-icon av-tab-no-image ' role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='av-tab-section-10-1'><span class='av-outer-tab-title'><span class='av-inner-tab-title'>myo1<\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-tab-arrow-container\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/a><a href='#myo2' data-av-tab-section-title='2' class='av-section-tab-title av-active-tab-title no-scroll av-nktxy9-9786cace1b06010b2562542f6a42560f av-tab-no-icon av-tab-no-image ' role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='av-tab-section-10-2'><span class='av-outer-tab-title'><span class='av-inner-tab-title'>myo2<\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-tab-arrow-container\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div><div class='av-tab-section-inner-container avia-section-no-padding' style='width:200vw; left:-100%;'><span class=\"av_prev_tab_section av_tab_navigation\"><\/span><span class=\"av_next_tab_section av_tab_navigation\"><\/span>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1b9xyo1-bc18a7a1de3ef053ca23e0651e1410a8\">\n.av-layout-tab.av-1b9xyo1-bc18a7a1de3ef053ca23e0651e1410a8{\nvertical-align:top;\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\n}\n#top .av-tab-section-outer-container.av-1qxelkx-730ff53f31ec5dd71c5417bbd591ec70 .av-active-tab-title.av-section-tab-title.av-1b9xyo1-bc18a7a1de3ef053ca23e0651e1410a8 .av-tab-arrow-container span{\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av-tab-section-10-1' class='av-layout-tab av-1b9xyo1-bc18a7a1de3ef053ca23e0651e1410a8 av-animation-delay-container  avia-builder-el-330  el_before_av_tab_sub_section  avia-builder-el-first  ' data-av-deeplink-tabs=\"myoauf\" data-av-tab-section-content=\"1\" data-tab-section-id=\"myo1\"><div class=\"av-layout-tab-inner\"><div class=\"container\"><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l2uilrc4-b0b0242d55974d1e529a9f5191fe8966\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-l2uilrc4-b0b0242d55974d1e529a9f5191fe8966 .avia_textblock{\ncolumn-count:2;\ncolumn-gap:6%;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){ \n#top .av_textblock_section.av-l2uilrc4-b0b0242d55974d1e529a9f5191fe8966 .avia_textblock{\ncolumn-count:1;\n}\n.av_textblock_section.av-l2uilrc4-b0b0242d55974d1e529a9f5191fe8966 .avia_textblock.av_multi_colums > p:first-child{\nmargin-top:0.85em;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l2uilrc4-b0b0242d55974d1e529a9f5191fe8966 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock av_multi_colums'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Non-invasive studies of the cask inventory using cosmic muons is still a relatively young and dynamic field of research. While initial work in 2003 focused on proliferation aspects, such as the identification of missing fuel assemblies, more recent efforts have focused on visualising individual fuel rods [34]. Some national research projects already exist in this field. These are funded from a variety of grant sources.<\/p>\n<p>The BMWK, for example, is currently funding the development and testing of procedures within the DCS Monitor II research project (see Chapter above) for the non-invasive analysis of the inventory condition for transport and storage casks during extended interim storage. As well as theoretical modelling, the project also includes experimental work on muon tomography in loaded casks.<\/p>\n<p>The Gesellschaft fu\u0308r Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS), Germany\u2019s central expert organisation in the field of nuclear safety, is investigating and developing the theoretical modelling of imaging procedures using atmospheric muons as part of an in-house research project on aspects of extended interim storage. This project is funded by the BMUV.<\/p>\n<p>What these projects have in common is that they deal with issues arising in the context of extended interim storage and study imaging procedures using muons on CASTOR<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> V\/19 casks.<\/p>\n<p>There are plans to establish a joint network with the participation of BGZ to undertake focused studies on the potential of the imaging methods and in particular the data evaluation algorithms as well as future implementation and application of the technology in Germany. One aim of the network is to build up broad knowledge and to further develop specific expertise. The various focuses of the work funded in each of the projects and the specific know-how of the participants means that research will cover the entire field of the application of imaging methods using atmospheric muons to the study of loaded transport and storage casks.<\/p>\n<p>The planned establishment of this network will lay the groundwork for bundling national research resources and a platform for the exchange of ideas and knowledge in the field of muon tomography.<\/p>\n<p>BGZ is further participating in the MuTomCa project (Muon Tomography for Shielded Casks) on fissile material monitoring. The cooperation framework includes Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN, Italy), EURATOM and the Forschungszentrum Ju\u0308lich and will enable synergy effects to be exploited in the network.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l3blirjj-f0980f324a897257bba894a612091db4\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-l3blirjj-f0980f324a897257bba894a612091db4{\nheight:30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-l3blirjj-f0980f324a897257bba894a612091db4 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-332  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_button '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-button-wrap av-nmutep-f109175605334d87753a4a94678ca76a-wrap avia-button-left  avia-builder-el-333  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_hr '><a href='#topinventories'  class='avia-button av-nmutep-f109175605334d87753a4a94678ca76a av-link-btn avia-icon_select-no avia-size-small avia-position-left avia-color-theme-color'   aria-label=\"To top\"><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >To top<\/span><\/a><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l3bliywv-c66646489a013d7e50fe66e6d84aa65b\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-l3bliywv-c66646489a013d7e50fe66e6d84aa65b{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-l3bliywv-c66646489a013d7e50fe66e6d84aa65b hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-334  el_after_av_button  avia-builder-el-last '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-nktxy9-9786cace1b06010b2562542f6a42560f\">\n.av-layout-tab.av-nktxy9-9786cace1b06010b2562542f6a42560f{\nvertical-align:top;\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\n}\n#top .av-tab-section-outer-container.av-1qxelkx-730ff53f31ec5dd71c5417bbd591ec70 .av-active-tab-title.av-section-tab-title.av-nktxy9-9786cace1b06010b2562542f6a42560f .av-tab-arrow-container span{\nbackground-color:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av-tab-section-10-2' class='av-layout-tab av-nktxy9-9786cace1b06010b2562542f6a42560f av-animation-delay-container  avia-builder-el-335  el_after_av_tab_sub_section  avia-builder-el-last  av-active-tab-content __av_init_open ' data-av-deeplink-tabs=\"myozu\" data-av-tab-section-content=\"2\" data-tab-section-id=\"myo2\"><div class=\"av-layout-tab-inner\"><div class=\"container\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-13120","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Research Program-upto-20-11-2023 - BGZ Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Zwischenlagerung mbH<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/en\/research-program-upto-20-11-2023\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Research Program-upto-20-11-2023 - BGZ Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Zwischenlagerung mbH\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bgz.de\/en\/research-program-upto-20-11-2023\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"BGZ Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Zwischenlagerung mbH\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-11-20T15:36:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@die_bgz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"127 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bgz.de\\\/en\\\/research-program-upto-20-11-2023\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bgz.de\\\/en\\\/research-program-upto-20-11-2023\\\/\",\"name\":\"Research Program-upto-20-11-2023 - BGZ Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Zwischenlagerung mbH\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bgz.de\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2022-05-05T10:03:48+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-11-20T15:36:20+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bgz.de\\\/en\\\/research-program-upto-20-11-2023\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/bgz.de\\\/en\\\/research-program-upto-20-11-2023\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bgz.de\\\/en\\\/research-program-upto-20-11-2023\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Startseite\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bgz.de\\\/en\\\/homepage-en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Research Program-upto-20-11-2023\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bgz.de\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bgz.de\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"BGZ Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Zwischenlagerung mbH\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bgz.de\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bgz.de\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bgz.de\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"BGZ Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Zwischenlagerung mbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bgz.de\\\/en\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bgz.de\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bgz.de\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/08\\\/bgz_logo_internet.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bgz.de\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/08\\\/bgz_logo_internet.png\",\"width\":340,\"height\":156,\"caption\":\"BGZ Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Zwischenlagerung mbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bgz.de\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/die_bgz\",\"https:\\\/\\\/de.wikipedia.org\\\/wiki\\\/BGZ_Gesellschaft_f\u00fcr_Zwischenlagerung\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.xing.com\\\/pages\\\/bgz-gesellschaft-fuer-zwischenlagerung-mbh\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/bgz-gesellschaft-fr-zwischenlagerung-mbh\\\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Research Program-upto-20-11-2023 - BGZ Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Zwischenlagerung mbH","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/bgz.de\/en\/research-program-upto-20-11-2023\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Research Program-upto-20-11-2023 - BGZ Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Zwischenlagerung mbH","og_url":"https:\/\/bgz.de\/en\/research-program-upto-20-11-2023\/","og_site_name":"BGZ Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Zwischenlagerung mbH","article_modified_time":"2023-11-20T15:36:20+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@die_bgz","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"127 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/bgz.de\/en\/research-program-upto-20-11-2023\/","url":"https:\/\/bgz.de\/en\/research-program-upto-20-11-2023\/","name":"Research Program-upto-20-11-2023 - BGZ Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Zwischenlagerung mbH","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/bgz.de\/en\/#website"},"datePublished":"2022-05-05T10:03:48+00:00","dateModified":"2023-11-20T15:36:20+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/bgz.de\/en\/research-program-upto-20-11-2023\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/bgz.de\/en\/research-program-upto-20-11-2023\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/bgz.de\/en\/research-program-upto-20-11-2023\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Startseite","item":"https:\/\/bgz.de\/en\/homepage-en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Research Program-upto-20-11-2023"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/bgz.de\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/bgz.de\/en\/","name":"BGZ Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Zwischenlagerung mbH","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/bgz.de\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/bgz.de\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/bgz.de\/en\/#organization","name":"BGZ Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Zwischenlagerung mbH","url":"https:\/\/bgz.de\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/bgz.de\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/bgz_logo_internet.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/bgz.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/bgz_logo_internet.png","width":340,"height":156,"caption":"BGZ Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Zwischenlagerung mbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/bgz.de\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/x.com\/die_bgz","https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BGZ_Gesellschaft_f\u00fcr_Zwischenlagerung","https:\/\/www.xing.com\/pages\/bgz-gesellschaft-fuer-zwischenlagerung-mbh","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/bgz-gesellschaft-fr-zwischenlagerung-mbh\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bgz.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13120","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bgz.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bgz.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bgz.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bgz.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13120"}],"version-history":[{"count":54,"href":"https:\/\/bgz.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13120\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16812,"href":"https:\/\/bgz.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13120\/revisions\/16812"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bgz.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13120"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}